问题 填空题

如图所示装置:

(1)若烧杯中溶液为稀硫酸,则观察到的现象为                     

两极反应式为:正极                            

负极                            ,该装置将     能转化为     能。

(2)若烧杯中溶液为氢氧化钠溶液,则负极为         

总反应方程式为                                     。

答案

(1)铝的表面有气泡冒出,镁逐渐溶解;2H++2 e-= H2↑;Mg-2 e-=" Mg" 2+    化学 电

(2)铝 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O==NaAlO2+3 H2↑ (2分)(其余每空1分)  

题目分析:(1)烧杯中溶液为稀硫酸,则该电池为镁铝原电池,镁有负极,铝为正极,镁极溶解,而铝极析出氢气,所以观察到的现象为铝的表面有气泡冒出,镁逐渐溶解;该原电池中负极发生的反应为:Mg-2 e-=" Mg" 2+ ;正极发生的反应为:2H++2 e-= H2↑;该装置是将化学能转化为电能;(2)若烧杯中溶液为氢氧化钠溶液,由于铝为两性物质,所以铝作为负极,而镁有正极,在镁上有氢气析出,而铝极溶解,其总的化学反应方程式为:2Al+2NaOH+2H2O==NaAlO2+3 H2↑。

点评:本题考查了原电池,该考点是高考考查的重点和难点,本题侧重对原电池基础知识的考查,本题难度中等。

单项选择题

A

The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937, the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s "quarantine the aggressor" speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939, was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939, came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted "cash and carry" exports of arms to belligerent nations. A p national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter, which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked at-tack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the U-nited States.

One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was()

A. the burning of the Reichstag

B. German plans for world conquest

C. Nazi barbarism

D. the persecution of religious groups

单项选择题 A1型题