问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

晚清学人杨守敬

  杨守敬(1839—1915),湖北宜都人。少年时代聪明好学,刻苦用功。青年时代有两件事对他影响很大:19岁时,听谭大勋讲授汪中的《述学》,开始接触乾嘉考据之学;20岁那年,偶然得见清人六严缩摹的《舆地图》,便借来临摹,这成为他研究历史地理学的开端。

  杨守敬曾经热衷科举,25岁起先后六次赴京参加会试。虽然名落孙山,但因此结识了许多名流学人,大大拓展了学术视野。42岁时,他作为清政府外交官的随员前往日本,这成为他学术生涯的转折点。在日本四年,他搜访阙佚,爬罗剔抉,收集到我国大量的古籍珍本,并将它们影印摹刻为《留真谱》。日本人森立之所撰的《清客笔话》,翔实记载了他在日本访书之事,杨守敬自己也写了《日本访书志》。清政府出使日本大臣黎庶昌也搜集了许多稀见珍本和国内久已绝迹的古籍残本,与杨守敬志趣相投。因此,当黎庶昌有了编纂《古逸丛书》的设想时,立即决定请他主持校勘。《古逸丛书》在日本刊印后,产生了很大的影响。他还擅长书法,对书法理论也很有研究,在日本影响巨大,被尊为“日本书道现代化之父”。

  从日本回国的第二年,年已48岁的杨守敬第七次参加会试,仍以失败告终,从此绝意科举,专注学问。杨守敬博览群书,潜心研究,在舆地、版本、目录、金石、小学、经学、辑佚等学术领域都取得了很大的成绩,留下的著作就有83种。在杨守敬的学术研究中,舆地学的成就最为突出。他编撰了舆地学著作20多种,这些论著几乎涵盖了中国传统地理学的各个方面,充分展示了他的杰出才华。

  杨守敬的学术代表作是完成于1904年的《水经注疏》。明清以来,《水经注》研究成果很多,杨守敬的这部著作具有全面总结的性质。他对《水经注》中所记载的1200多条水道进行了详尽的考证;对征引的故实都一一注明出处;对清代学者全祖望、戴震等人的校释也多有订正。杨守敬既有坚实的考据学基础,又运用了当时地理学的新知识,所以在《水经注》研究中有所突破,有所创新。杨守敬还编制了古今对照的《水经注图》,图文互证,相得益彰。

(1)下列关于杨守敬日本之行的解说,不正确的一项是(     )

A.杨守敬的书法艺术和书法理论研究影响很大,他被尊为“日本书道现代化之父”。

B.杨守敬在日本访书之事被日本人森立之记载在《清客笔话》中。

C.杨守敬校勘《古逸丛书》,体现了他在版本、目录等方面的学术造诣。

D.杨守敬搜访阙佚,收集我国的古籍珍本《留真谱》,并将它影印摹刻。

(2)下列有关杨守敬舆地学研究的表述,不正确的一项是()

A.杨守敬的《水经注疏》,是在全面总结明清两代《水经注》研究成果的基础上完成的。

B.运用当时地理学的新知识,是杨守敬《水经注》研究取得成功的基础。

C.在杨守敬留下的83种著作中,有一部分是中国传统地理学方面的研究成果。

D.杨守敬对《水经注》记载的1200多条水道进行了详尽考证,还编制了《水经注图》。

(3)从文中看,哪几件事对杨守敬的学术生涯产生了重要影响?

_______________________________________________________

(4)根据文章内容,请概括杨守敬取得多方面学术成就的原因。

_______________________________________________________

答案

(1)D

(2)B

(3)①青年时代接触考据学,临摹《舆地图》。②赴京参加会试,结识了许多名流学人。③在日本搜访典籍,校勘珍本。④第七次会试失败后,绝意科举,专注学问。(意对即可)

(4)①好学精神:聪明好学,刻苦用功,博览群书。②治学方法得当:既有考据学的基础,又能吸收新知识;既能吸收前人研究成果,又不盲从。③广泛交游,视野开阔:结识名流学人,游学日本,多方涉猎。(意对即可)

填空题

Part 3


Questions 19-25


·Read thefollowingpassage andanswer questions 19-25.
·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D.
·Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of it’s training needs. A review of manpower planing should include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the weaknesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of the job description and job specification.
A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills take place "off the job" in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place "on the job" by means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience.
It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving in time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervisory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have looked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health.

The best title of this passage is ______.

A.Staff Training

B.How to Give a Staff Training

C.Staff Training Cost Evaluation

D.Way of Staff Training

问答题