问题 阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why do some people have many friends while others do not?   小题1:  However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.

The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois, where the experiment took place. A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company.   小题2:  The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone. They were surprised to find that productivity increased on both occasions and in both groups. They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management. It had increased their motivation and so they had worked harder. In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.

 小题3:  After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all-white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America.

She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and other with brown eyes. Other eye colors such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class that brown-eyed people were cleverer than blue-eyed ones because of an agent for brown color found in their blood. Blue-eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown-eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class. The blue-eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. Then she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown-eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before.  小题4:  So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their success and sympathize with them in their troubles. 小题5: 

A.Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the best working environment for them.

B.Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behavior to you.

C.The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore others.

D.The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others.E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behavior but also their confidence and their performance.

F. You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them.

G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said had a great effect on the students.

答案

小题1:F

小题2:A

小题3:C

小题4:E

小题5:B

题目分析:本文叙述了两个心理实验,将给我们揭开快乐的人际关系的关键。一组的参与实验的人员都给予关注和鼓励结果他们的生产提高了;而另一组的参与实验的人员没有得到关心,而且还说给他们听不中听的泄气的话,结果这批人很安静和颓废。

小题1:根据下文However, it is not so前后是转折关系,故选 F。

小题2:因为这段是说的做实验,把学生分成两个不同的组,故选A。

小题3:根据下文可以看出空格处应是中心句,故选C。

小题4:本句是对上面试验的总结,故选E。

小题5:本句是对该段的主旨大意的总结,故选B。

点评:做这种题时,考生应在通读全篇短文的基础上,把握各部分之间的逻辑关系,前后照应,注意文中的“链条”,充分理解短文的内容,使补全后的短文思想通顺,前后连贯,且符合英美人的语言表达方式。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面两段文言文,完成下面的题。

  (1)及至始皇,奋六世之余烈,振长策而御宇内,吞二周而亡诸侯,履至尊而制六合,执敲扑而鞭笞天下,威振四海。南取百越之地,以为桂林、象郡;百越之君,俯首系颈,委命下吏,乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱,却匈奴七百余里;胡人不敢南下而牧马,士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道,焚百家之言,以愚黔首;隳名城,杀豪杰,收天下之兵,聚之咸阳,销锋镝,铸以为金人十二,以弱天下之民。然后践华为城,因河为池,据亿丈之城,临不测之渊以为固。良将劲弩守要害之处,信臣精卒陈利兵而谁何。天下已定,始皇之心,自以为关中之固,金城千里,子孙帝王万世之业也。(贾谊《过秦论》)

  (2)太史公曰:吾闻之周生曰:“舜目盖重瞳子。”又闻项羽亦重瞳子。羽岂其苗裔邪?何兴之暴也!夫秦失其政,陈涉首难,豪杰蜂起,相与并争,不可胜数。然羽非有尺寸,乘势起陇亩之中,三年,遂将五诸侯灭秦,分裂天下而封王侯,政由己出,号为霸王。位虽不终,近古以来未尝有也。及羽背关怀楚,放逐义帝而自立,怨王侯叛己,难矣。自矜功伐,奋其私智而不师古。谓霸王之业,欲以力征经营天下,五年卒亡其国,身死东城,尚不觉寤而不自责,过矣。乃引“天亡我,非用兵之罪也”,岂不谬哉!(司马迁《史记·项羽本纪》)

1.对下面句中加粗的词解释不正确的一项是(     )

A.六世之余烈——奋:奋发

B.俯首系颈,命下吏——委:交付

C.三年,遂五诸侯灭秦——将:率领

D.而不自责,矣——过:过头

2.对下面句中加粗词的意义与用法全都相同的一项是(    )

A.南取百越之地,为桂林、象郡/木直中绳,輮为轮

B.青,取之于蓝,青于蓝/分裂天下封王侯

C.践华为城,河为池/蒙故业,遗策

D.师道不传也久矣/乘势起陇亩

3.对本段文字分析错误的一项是(    )

A.第一段文字刻意渲染“攻”时的秦何等强大,意在与后来秦灭亡之迅速形成对比,突出文章中心。

B.第一段文字的中心是讽刺秦始皇自以为可以保其帝业,传之万世以至无穷。

C.第一段作者贾谊依次从政治、军事、文化、刑罚、险固的地理形势等方面铺叙秦始皇巩固 * * 的一系列措施,显出暴政,意在为下文的“仁义不施”埋下伏笔。

D.第二段作者司马迁肯定了项羽起兵反秦,推翻秦王朝的历史功绩,分析了他失败的原因,批驳了他的宿命论思想。

4.将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)信臣精卒陈利兵而谁何。

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(2)自矜功伐,奋其私智而不师古。

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(3)乃引“天亡我,非用兵之罪也”,岂不谬哉!

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单项选择题