问题 填空题

滥用抗生素往往会导致细菌耐药性的产生。

(1)细菌抗药性变异的来源属于_________。

(2)尽管在细菌菌群中天然存在抗药性基因,但是使用抗生素仍可治疗由细菌引起的感染,原因在于菌群中__________。

(3)细菌耐药性的形成是抗生素对细菌进行________的结果,其内在实质是种群__________。

(4)若要鉴定有抗药性的东亚飞蝗和无抗药性的东亚飞蝗是否为同一物种,可以通过____________实验的结果来判定,如果___________,则两类东亚飞蝗为同一物种。

答案

(1)基因突变

(2)有抗药性基因的个体占极少数(抗药性基因频率极低)

(3)定向选择       菌群中抗药性基因频率增加

(4)两类东亚飞蝗杂交      能产生可育后代

选择题
阅读理解

Everyday, 340 million people speak it. One billion people are learning it and it is said that by 2050, half of the world’s population will be using it. What are we talking about? That global language—English.

The English language started in Britain in the 5th century. It is a mixed language. It was built up when German. Scandinavian and French invaders settled in England and created a common language for communication.

Today it is the official language of the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and Ireland as well as many islands in the Caribbean . Many other countries and regions use it for politics and business, for example, India. Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. English is also one of the official languages of Hong Kong.

But global advertising and pop music mean that in most countries, you will see or hear some English. Thanks to McDonalds, we all know about "burgers". "fries" and "milkshakes". Songs by Madonna, Britney Spears and Celine Dion are in English. We can sing along, even if we do not understand what we are singing!

English is a messy (杂乱的) language. Every year, dictionaries include new words that talk about popular culture, for example, computer-related words such as "blogging", "download" and "chatroom". Also included are words that teenagers use. Who does not know "cool", "OK" and “hello” ?

Other languages also influence English. Many English words come from French. Words like "cafe" and expressions like "c'est la vie" (that is life) are all part of the English language. On the other hand, the French language includes English words like "le weekend" and "le camping". German words are also part of English. Words like "kindergarten" come from the German language.

Recently, British people have become interested in "yoga". But the word comes from an ancient Hindu language in India.

小题1:The English language has a history of  ______.

A.over 2000 years

B.over 500 years

C.over 1500 years

D.over 1000 years小题2:The underlined expression “thanks to ” can be replaced by ______.

A.because of

B.thankful to

C.not until

D.as if.小题3:Which of the following statements is true about the language of English ?

A.It has been changing all the time.

B.It has borrowed words from all the other languages.

C.French words are used by the English because dictionaries have French words.

D.Singers and film stars have the greatest influence on language.小题4: Many countries and regions use it for politics and business except______.

A.the USA

B.Nigeria

C.the Philippines

D.Norway