问题 论述题

(24分)美国次贷危机对世界金融市场形成强烈的冲击,国际经济增速放缓,我国经济发展也受到了明显的影响,出现增速减缓的运行态势。但是,我国经济有自身的特点,13亿人口中有8亿农民,国内市场广阔,特别是农村市场有很大潜力。同时,又有20万亿元的居民储蓄的潜在需求。城乡居民对改善住房的愿望十分强烈,对汽车等主要耐用消费品的需求还比较强劲,对满足各层次的服务需要也比较旺盛。通过扩大国内需求特别是消费需求,能够保持经济稳定增长。

(1)说明扩大内需特别是消费需求的经济学依据。(8分)

(2)结合上述材料,运用经济生活知识说明我国应如何扩大国内需求特别是消费需求。(16分)

答案

(1)①消费对生产具有反作用,消费能拉动经济增长、促进生产发展。消费对生产调整和升级、对新产业的出现和成长起着导向作用。消费结构的升级将推动经济结构的优化升级。②在需求结构上,促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变,是我国加快转变经济发展方式,促进国民经济又好又快发展的要求。

(2)①收入是消费的基础和前提,因此提高居民的消费水平,必须保持经济的稳定增长,增加居民可支配收入,扩大消费需求;②消费水平还受未来预期收入的影响,扩大消费需求,还需要建立职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制,增加人们乐观的预期,稳定居民消费预期,扩大预期消费;③加快完善养老、医疗等社会保障体系,统筹城乡发展,增加农民收入,提高社会整体消费水平;④国家要加强对市场秩序的治理和整顿,稳定物价水平,提升购买力,增加对商品的消费量。

题目分析:本题以扩大国内需求为切入点考查学生对消费的有关知识的理解和运用能力。首先审读设问,限制知识范围是消费的重要性知识点和如何扩大消费。第(1)问运用消费对生产的反作用,消费能拉动经济增长、促进生产发展。和加快经济发展方式的转变这两个知识点分析扩大内需特别是消费需求的经济学依据。第(2)问考查怎么做。可从保持经济的稳定增长,增加居民可支配收入,扩大消费需求;建立职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制,增加人们乐观的预期,稳定居民消费预期,扩大预期消费;加快完善养老、医疗等社会保障体系,统筹城乡发展,增加农民收入;加强对市场秩序的治理和整顿等几个角度分析怎么做。

点评:材料分析题历来是高考的重头戏,所占分值较大,题目新颖,设问灵活,能力要求较高。注重考查学生对知识的理解和运用能力,紧扣实际生活,道理在书本之中。解答此类题,我们应注意:一仔细阅读材料,抓住关键语句,认真审题,弄清题意,明确设问方向和范围。二抓住要点,运用课本知识结合社会生活,联系学生实际,做到内容清楚、言简意赅。三要利用题中有效信息,紧扣知识点多角度分析。

阅读理解

While I was in my 4th month of pregnancy (妊娠期) with my second child, we were preparing for a trip to Louisiana, where Marshall’s family live, to celebrate Jane’s 2nd birthday. Two days before we were to leave, we got the shocking news that I was going to lose the baby. Not knowing when this would happen, we decided to continue with our trip.

Since Marshall’s family lives on a 600-acre cattle farm, you often find that you have a lot of time to yourself to think when you are there. That is precisely what I did not want to do at this time. I told Marshall that I needed to get a good book to get lost in while I was there. I told him I heard the Harry Potter books were good, so he went out and got the first one for me.

During that trip, I totally got lost in the book, which was of great help during a time when I needed a distraction to forget about the sadness. In the book, I noticed the name “Seamus”. I vaguely remembered it was pronounced “Shamus” and I liked the sound of that. I mentioned it to Marshall and he liked it too. Toward the end of the trip, I had just 5 chapters left and I knew I was about to finish the first book, which I was pretty excited about.

Soon after we put Jane down to bed, I had started labor (分娩), so I was unable to read. The labor lasted 5 and 1/2 hours, but Marshall stayed there with me, sitting beside me and reading aloud the last 5 chapters of Harry Potter. I can never fully explain how much that helped me through the experience. And ever since then, Marshall and I both have been fans of the Harry Potter books. We remember how they helped us get through that time of our lives.

We were sad to have lost the baby, but the name Seamus started our journey toward adoption. And we gave this name to our adopted son. Though our Seamus doesn’t have a drop of Irish blood in him, the name fits him perfectly.

小题1:Why did the writer want a good book during the trip?

A.Because the trip to Louisiana would take a long time.

B.Because she didn’t want to think of losing her baby.

C.Because she had nothing else to do except reading.

D.Because a good book could help her enjoy her trip.小题2: According to the story, we can know that the Harry Potter books _________________.

A.made the family’s trip more exciting

B.include five books all together

C.have someone called Seamus in them

D.can help people deal with their problems小题3: The writer named her son Seamus because ___________________.

A.she wanted to keep her trip in memory

B.she loved this name very much

C.her son doesn’t have Irish blood

D.it is a perfect name for a boy小题4:Which of the following is TRUE about the couple?

A.They planned their trip after getting the shocking news.

B.They thought the cattle farm was too large to do anything on.

C.They felt excited when they almost finished the trip.

D.They liked reading Harry Porter very much after the trip.小题5: Which is the best title for the passage?

A.Funny Stories Of My Family

B.Seamus And Harry Potter

C.How We Got To Louisiana

D.How My Son Got His Name

单项选择题