问题 解答题

一个包装箱内有6件产品,其中4件正品,2件次品.现随机抽出两件产品,

(1)求恰好有一件次品的概率.

(2)求都是正品的概率.

(3)求抽到次品的概率.

答案

将六件产品编号,ABCD(正品),ef(次品),从6件产品中选2件,其包含的基本事件为:(AB)(AC)(AD)(Ae)(Af)(BC)(BD)(Be)(Bf)(CD)(Ce)(Cf)(De)(Df)(ef).共有15种,

(1)设恰好有一件次品为事件A,事件A中基本事件数为:8

则P(A)=

8
15

(2)设都是正品为事件B,事件B中基本事件数为:6

则P(B)=

6
15
=
2
5

(2)设抽到次品为事件C,事件C与事件B是对立事件,

则P(C)=1-P(B)=1-

6
15
=
3
5

填空题

Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security


1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The program’s trust fund will have a $4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easy—making the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely.
2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)’s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama—a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us "more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us."
3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come about—in fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, "No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelt’s original Social Security Act... If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start."
4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know today—a program like Medicare—that people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for America’s Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this election season—opposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire.
5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone.

A. the candidates of this election
B. the wealthy
C. the financial deficit
D. a system of sustainable security
E. the progressives
F. today’s social security system
G. the ups and downs of the market
To enhance Social Security, everyone should contribute, especially ______.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成后面的题目

诗文大家余光中

学富五车的人可以妙趣横生吗?儒雅冷静的人可以豪情万丈吗?矮小的人可以巨大吗?水火可以同源吗?可以,余光中就是这样一组奇妙的矛盾组合。

身高不过五尺三寸,体重不足50公斤, 散文家思果却形容他“全身每一钱肉都是脑”,大女婿私下戏称他为“小巨人”。女儿姗姗说:“父亲那种外敛而内溢的个性,似乎一座冰封的火山,只有在笔端引爆才安全。”

平时谨言慎行,自律甚严,写作时宛如苦行僧,不烟不酒,只要一杯红茶或普洱苦茶。他的生活,距离清教徒可能不远,他是那种随时保持冷静的人。他说他的书房非常斯巴达,并非艺术之宫、象牙之塔,而是苦练之地;又说他的书桌是缪斯接生的手术台。

这样潜心育人的人师,却也是极端浪漫的诗人。他看花时,总是“看到绝望才离开”。他追逐美景,神魂颠倒。思果曾目睹他“为了追捕淡水河堤上日落前的片刻景致,赶着开车前去,神魂都贯注进去了,口中还喃喃有词,有些恍惚,怪不得他诗思那么妙”。他是个唯美主义者,对于美的人、事、物,品味十分敏感,他的耳目所接,常成妙谛,美不胜收。他自称是“艺术的多妻主义者”。

梁锡华说他“平常是冷静明澈像一泓秋水的人物”。杨牧早年就以“冷静文明”一词来形容他。但是他热情起来,可以和朋友畅谈深宵,心情一好,就妙语如珠,让人应接不暇。不过,据黄国彬的观察,“在宴会上,余光中不幸和俗人相邻而坐,偏偏对方又喋喋不休,诗人就会“恨不得他忽然被鱼刺梗住”。

余光中在《娓娓与喋喋》一文中曾说,“朋友之间无所用心的闲谈,如果两人的识见相当,而又彼此欣赏,那真是最快意的事了……真正的知己,就算是脉脉相对,无声也胜似有声。”

西班牙哲人桑塔耶纳说:“雄辩滔滔是民主的艺术,清谈娓娓的艺术却属于贵族。”余光中向往的显然是品位上的贵族的娓娓了。

余光中的字典里似乎没有“马虎”两个字,无论他做什么,即使是娱乐,都要全神贯注。他不懂为什么有人能够一面听音乐,一面读书。在余家,平常是听不到音乐的。他说,为了对音乐家的尊敬,听音乐就该正襟危坐,聚精会神。”所谓“背景音乐”在余家是不受欢迎的。

以此类推,余光中做任何事情,都抱持同样的态度。珊珊说:“爸爸是不容许有错误的人。”

文章不能出错,生活不能出错,品德不能出错。他是个完美主义者。

小题1:下列对传记有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(  )(  )(5分)

A.余光中既儒雅冷静又豪情万丈,身材矮小又是文学巨人,作者认为这在余光中身上就是一个不可思议的矛盾体。

B.余光中说他的书房是苦练之地,书桌是缪斯接生的手术台,是因为他以苦行僧般的状态写作,并创作出大量的作品。

C.余光中爱憎分明,有时和朋友闲谈,不幸对方是俗人,他就会正襟危坐,态度颇为严肃。

D.在余光中家中平常听不到音乐,因为他做事认真、全神贯注、从不马虎,他知道音乐会影响他的写作。E.余光中是潜心育人的人师,也是极端浪漫的诗人,他诙谐地称自己“艺术的多妻主义者”,他对美的人、事、物,品味极为敏感。

小题2:结合全文,简要分析余光中的性格特点。(6分)

                                                                                       

                                                                                       

                                                                                       

小题3:请结合文章简要分析余光中的“诗思那么妙”的原因。(6分)

                                                                                       

                                                                                       

                                                                                       

小题4:有人认为余光中是个“完美主义者”,也有人认为余光中是个“不合时宜的书生气十足的人”,你怎样看?结合原文谈谈你的看法和理由。(8分)