问题 填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish_____(1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality"_____(2) the traditional economic sense that assumes_____(3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives_____(4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). _____(5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based_____(6) totally objective criteria, such_____(7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods____(8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire_____(9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.The assumption underlying this distinction is____(10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. _____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____(12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based_____(13) the individual’’s own needs as_____(14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear_____(15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational ______(16) the context of the consumer’’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____(17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it_____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it._____(19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.Some researchers go so far_____(20) to suggest that emphasis_____ (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that con sumers act consciously____(22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not____(23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences,____(24) what they perceive to be_____(25) their own best interests.

答案

参考答案:习惯搭配。desire for对……的渴望。

单项选择题
问答题

某市煤矿企业(增值税一般纳税人)2011年经营业务如下:
(1)销售开采原煤12000吨,不含税收入16000万元,销售成本6800万元。
(2)转让开采技术所有权取得收入600万元,技术所有权转让成本200万元。
(3)提供矿山开采技术培训取得收入240万元,本期培训业务耗用上年库存材料成本20万元;取得国债利息收入150万元。
(4)购进原材料共计3000万元,取得增值税专用发票注明进项税税额480万元;支付购料运输费用共计200万元,取得运输发票。
(5)销售费用1400万元,其中广告费1200万元。
(6)管理费用1180万元,其中业务招待费100万元,技术研发费用300万元,计提环境保护专项资金100万元。
(7)财务费用280万元,其中含向非金融企业借款1000万元所支付的年利息120万元;向金融企业贷款780万元,支付年利息50万元。
(8)营业外支出460万元,其中含通过当地公益性社会团体向希望工程捐款120万元。因消防设施不合格,被处罚30万元,借款180万元于某关系较好的企业,因对方违法经营已注销,此款项已确认无法收回。
(说明:①上述销售费用、管理费用和财务费用不涉及转让费用;②取得的相关票据均通过主管税务机关认证;③煤矿资源税5元/吨;④上年广告费用税前扣除余额400万元。)
要求:根据以上资料,按照下列序号计算回答问题,每问需计算合计数。

计算企业2011年应缴纳的城市维护建设税和教育费附加。