问题 问答题 简答题

简述备货型生产与订货型生产的区别。

答案

参考答案:

按照企业组织生产的特点,可以把制造性生产分成备货型生产(Make-To-Stock,MTS)与订货型生产(Make-To-Order,MTO)两种。备货型生产是指按已有的标准产品或产品系列进行生产,生产的直接目的是补充成品库存,通过维持一定量成品库存来满足用户的需要。订货型生产又称"按订单制造"式生产,是指按用户订单进行的生产,生产的是顾客所要求的特定产品。用户可能对产品提出各种各样的要求,经过协商和谈判以协议或合同的形式确认对产品性能、质量、数量和交货期的要求,然后组织设计和制造。备货型生产与订货型生产的区别主要体现在以下几个方面:

(1)在产品方面,备货型生产主要是按标准产品进行生产;而订货型生产则是按用户要求生产,产品多是无标准产品以及大量的变型产品与新产品;

(2)在对产品的要求方面,备货型生产的要求是可以预测的;订货型生产则难以预测;

(3)在价格方面,备货型生产是事先确定的;订货型生产则是在订货时确定;

(4)在交货期方面,交货期对于备货型生产不重要,成品库可以随时供货;但对于订货型生产而言,交货期很重要,应在订货时确定;

(5)在设备方面,备货型生产多采用专用高效设备;而订货型生产多采用通用设备。

选择题
阅读理解
阅读理解。
     下面文章中有5 处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合
各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. concentration
B. working from the base course
C. sticking to what you achieve
D. aiming high
E. Not putting all your eggs in one basketF. reasons for failures in business

                                                          Road to Success
1.                 
Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the
initial stage of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their
business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have professional sweepers now in offices, and
our young men unfortunately miss that useful branch of business education. But if by chance the
professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him
will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office
if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.
2.                 
Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is to be
ambitious. I would think nothing of the young man who does not already see himself the partner or
the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or
foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “My place is
at the top.” Be king in your dreams.
3.               
Persistence is the consistent factor in most people who succeed, no matter what they are succeeding
at.  Yet, in the work place we often seem to forget to persist what we are doing.  It’s easy to get
discouraged when you continually try to achieve something and it doesn’t work out.  But remember
that if you try long enough, hard enough and make adjustments along the way, sooner or later you
will get to your goal.
4.               
And here is another prime condition of success, the great secret: focus your energy, thought, and
capital totally upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to figh
t it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the
most about it.
5.               
The companies which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have
scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here there, and
everywhere. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you to “put all your eggs in
one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look round you and take notice, men who do that not
often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that
breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is
easy to fall and trip him up. To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar
room; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours;
put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you
out of ultimate success but yourselves.”