阅读《鲁宾孙飘流记》（选段），完成1—5题。

       我现在开始郑重其事地考虑我目前的情形和环境，把我每天的经历一一用笔记下来。我这样做，为的不是留给后来的人看（因为我不相信以后会有人到这荒岛上来），只不过写出来给自己每天看看，减轻一点心中的苦闷罢了。我的理智现在已经能够逐渐控制我的失望心情，因此我开始尽量安慰我自己，把当前的好处和坏处加以比较，使自己能够知足安命，并按照商业簿记上“借方”和“贷方”的格式，把我的幸与不幸，好处与坏处公正地排列出来：

       坏处

       我陷在一个可怕的荒岛上，没有重见天日的希望。

       我现在被剔出来，与世隔绝，困苦万状。

       我与人类隔绝，仿佛一个隐士，一个流放者。

       我没有衣服穿。

       我没有抵御野人和野兽的袭击的防御力和手段。

       我没有人可以谈话，也没有人来解除我的愁闷。

       好处

       但我还活着，没有像我同船的伙伴们一样，被水淹死。

       但我也从全体船员中被剔出来，独免一死；上帝既然用神力把我从死亡里救出来，一定也会救我脱离这个境地。

       但我并未因为没有粮食的缘故，饿死在这不毛之地。

       但我是在一个热带气候里，即使有衣服，也穿不住。

       但我所流落的岛上，没有我在非洲看到的那种野兽。假使我在那里覆了舟，我又将怎样?

       但上帝却不可思议地把船送到海岸附近，使我可以从里面取出许多有用的东西，使我终生用之不尽。

       总起来说，事实证明，我当前的不幸处境，是世界上很少有的，可是，即使在这样的处境中，也有一些消极的东西或积极的东西值得感谢。我希望世上的人都要从我最不幸的处境中取得一个经验教训，这教训就是：在最不幸的处境之中，我们也可以把好处和坏处对照起来看，从而找到聊以自慰的事情。

       现在我对于自己的处境已稍稍有了好感，不再整天把眼睛望着海面，等待有什么船来；我已经把这种心思丢在一边，开始一心一意去安排自己的生活。尽量改善自己的生活了。

1．“我”把每天的经历一一用笔记下来的目的是：

2．选段主要运用的手法是把好处和坏处排列出来，其用意是：

3．从选段中可以看出身陷绝境的鲁滨孙找到了哪些活下去的理由? 

4．如何看待鲁滨孙的这种逆境中的自我安慰?

5．选段集中表明“我”的心情由上岛后的绝望变为充满希望，具体表现在：

When a friend is sad about a tragedy(悲剧)，it’s hard to know how to comfort(安慰) him/ her. But the worst thing you can do is say nothing. It could mean that you don’t care. You don’t have to say much.. A single supportive phrase doesn’t require absolutely perfect words to break the ice. Here are some conversation starters when life difficult situations have your tongue tied.

1. A friend loses his baby.

Don’t say: “Don’t worry. You’re so young. You’ll have another baby.” Do say: “ I’m so sorry. I can’t begin to imagine what you are going through, but if you want to talk about it, call me anytime.”

2. A guy deserts（抛弃）your friend.

Don’t say: “I never liked that rat bastard (坏蛋) anyway!” ( If the couple winds up reconciling (和解)， you could end up losing your friend.) Do say: “Breaking up is always hard to deal with, but I’m here for you, whatever you need.”

3. A friend has a death in the family.

Don’t say: “It’s God’s will.” or “I know exactly how you feel.” Do say: “I’m sorry about your loss. What can I do to help?”

4. A friend loses a job suddenly.

Don’t say: “Work is always boring. Those bosses didn’t suit you!” Do say: “I’m sorry for that, but I know there’s an even better job waiting for you there. Let’s think about possibilities.”

5. Someone’s pet dies.

Don’t say: “Gee! It was only a cat!” or “My roommate doesn’t like her dog and she is getting rid of her dog. Do you want it?” Do say: “I’m sorry, she was such a great cat. How long did you have it?”

小题1:Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined part “have your tongue tied”?

A．make your tongue shut

B．tie your tongue in order not to say.

C．have no suitable words to say.

D．say what you want freely.小题2:As a whole, what’s the suitable way to comfort your friend troubled with a tragedy?

A．To show your sorrow and offer your help.

B．To try to make the tragedy less serious.

C．To tell your friend not to think about it any more.

D．To do your best to make him/her cheerful again.小题3:Though your friend is deserted, you’d better not say dirty words about her/ his friend because _______________________ .

A．they might get along well again and you might be deserted

B．your friend might not like you to say that against her / his friend

C．it may be a sign that you don’t care for your friend

D．your friend might hate you in the future小题4:Which of the following might be suitable words when your friend’s dog dies?

A．Don’t worry too much. I’ll give you a good one.

B．I’m sorry to hear that. It was such a good dog.

C．I’ m sorry you lost your dog. But it was at its ripe age.

D．You must be sad about it. That’s enough.