问题 问答题 简答题

简述治理理论兴起的背景。

答案

参考答案:

治理、善治和全球治理的理论与实践在90年代的勃兴有其深刻的原因。它是全球化进程的逻辑结果,是冷战结束后国际政治经济秩序的新的发展形态,是国际规则有效性的现实要求,是全球公民社会和世界民主潮流的产物。促成“全球性结社革命”的原因、条件。20世纪80年代前后,全球出现了一场“结社的革命”,其主要标志是在世界各国涌现出一大批民间非营利/非政府组织。美国约翰•霍普金斯大学公共政策研究所所长,

第三部门研究的权威学者莱斯特•萨拉蒙对“全球性结社革命”的发生原因作了最精辟的论述,他把这些原因归结为四个“危机”和两次“革命”。

1.促成“全球性结社革命”的原因。

第一个危机是指现代福利国家的危机,其主要发生在发达国家。

第二个危机是指发展中国家发展模式的危机。

第三个危机是指“国家社会保险”制度的危机。

第四个危机是世界性的环境危机。

2.两个具有革命性意义的因素为“全球性结社革命”的出现创造了条件。

第一个革命性因素是在20世纪60年代和70年代早期发生的全球性的可观的经济增长以及由此带来的社会结构的变化。

第二个革命性因素是20世纪70年代和80年代期间发生的通讯革命。

阅读理解

Look carefully at the back of a California state quarter. A man with a walking stick is pictured there. A bird called a California condor(大秃鹫)is flying overhead. Who is this man, and why is he so important that he is featured(处于显著地位)on the back of a coin?

The man on this quarter is John Muir. Even as a child, Muir loved watching nature. As a young man, he spent much of his life exploring the beauty of the wilderness. He walked more than a thousand miles across the country, through fields and woods. John Muir liked writing about the places he visited, describing their beauty.

Muir also wrote about problems. In order to create more farmland for sheep and cattle, many trees were being cut down. This made Muir unhappy and worried, because he knew that trees were important to forests and to the animals that lived in them.Muir believed that nature should be conserved(保护)instead of being changed by human beings. He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers to spread the word about conserving forests. Soon, others began to listen.

Muir wrote letters to important people, such as President Theodore Roosevelt. The president admired Muir’s love for nature. When Roosevelt came to visit Muir in California. Muir convinced(说服)the president to go camping with him for three nights under the trees so they could talk about conservation. Later, President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of land for national forests and established(建立)five national parks. National parks are large areas of land that are protected from development. This means that people cannot build homes or businesses there. One of these parks is Yosemite National Park, the area that is featured on the back of the California quarter.

Though it has been almost one hundred years since John Muir died, people continue his work today. His work as a conservationist helped us to see the beauty of our natural world. John Muir made us understand the importance of protecting our earth and our resources---then, now, and for the future.

小题1:Why did President Theodore Roosevelt visit John Muir?

A.Because Roosevelt loved watching nature.

B.Because Roosevelt received letters from John Muir.

C.Because Roosevelt admired John Muir’s love for nature.

D.Because Roosevelt was sad about the problems with farmland.小题2:Why is John Muir featured on the back of a California state quarter?

A.Because he walked over a thousand miles across the country.

B.Because he helped people understand the importance of protecting the natural world.

C.Because he wrote articles to spread the word about conserving forests.

D.Because he once wrote several letters to President Theodore Roosevelt.小题3:What is the writer’s purpose of writing this article?

A.To advise readers to become active conservationists.

B.To make us interested in the story about a great man.

C.To tell us something about an important person in history.

D.To give information about how to conserve the environment.

单项选择题