问题 单项选择题 A1型题

重症胰腺炎综合治疗措施不包括()

A.早期液体复苏

B.全身炎症反应调控

C.脏器功能支持与维护

D.早期使用广谱抗生素预防局部和全身性感染

E.后期外科处理

答案

参考答案:D

解析:重症胰腺炎综合治疗措施包括:早期液体复苏;全身炎症反应调控;脏器功能支持与维护;适时的营养支持,后期并发症防治。不主张早期使用抗生素预防感染。故答案为D。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

秦汉时代,郡、县、乡是国家的基本行政机构。里是乡之下的居住区,也是居民组织。   秦汉时代的乡,上承县,下治里,从户籍、税收、徭役、治安、教化、选举等各个方面直接管理乡内民户,是 * * 的末端组织。乡一级政府机构,设有乡啬夫,相当于乡长,负责一乡的行政事务;乡啬夫下有游徼,负责治安;有乡佐,负责徭役税收等,都是从国家领取俸禄的基层干部。还设有“三老”,选取地方上德高望重的长老类人物出任,免除他们的租税徭役,让他们引导民风,掌管教化,作连接官民的中介。

里是政府指导下的居民自治组织,户数从十余户到百户以上不等,根据自然聚落的实际情况设置。一般说来,里往往自成一个封闭的小区。里有门,白天打开,夜晚关闭;里中有街巷,居民的住宅沿街巷修建,各家自有门户。里有里正,为一里之长,下有十长、伍长,主管十户五户人家;还有里监门,负责里门的开闭看管。不过,这些里中的管事人都不是政府官吏,而是居民中推举出来的协管。至于里监门,最是寒碜,不过是小区守大门的保安,由居民共同出钱,往往雇用穷愁无业,生活没有着落的人来担当。活跃于秦末的多位英雄人物,如张耳,陈余,郦食其等,他们落难潦倒时,都作过里监门。

在古代社会,里既是社会的基层组织,也是居民的共同生活场所。在里民的共同生活中,社和社祭具有非同寻常的意义。社是土地神,源于原始的土地崇拜。对于安土重迁的古人来说,社神是民间信仰的主神,社祭是里中每年的大事,春三月有春祭,祈求丰年;秋九月有秋祭,报告收成。祭祀社神,有固定的场所,也称社,往往选取有枝叶茂盛的大树或丛林处,有的还建有土墙或者祠堂,筑有祭坛。

里中祭祀社神时,一里之人共同参加。他们共同出资,预备酒肉食物作为祭品献供。祭祀完毕以后,将祭品分享于众人,于是一里之人宴会饮酒,神人同乐。远古以来,社祭不但是里中社会庄严的祭日,也是盛大的节庆宴乐。质朴的先民们,或者杀鸡屠狗、扣瓮敲瓶相和而歌,或者宰羊椎牛、击鼓撞钟投足而舞。至于富商大贾们襄助的大社,鼓瑟吹笙,娼优百戏,更是盛况空前。有诗说得好:“桑柘影斜春社散,家家扶得醉人归。”古风犹存的唐代诗文依然传递出秦汉社祭宴乐的欢乐。

因为社祭是里中的大事,主持社祭的人往往是里正,或者里中中德高望重的长老。社祭是共同出资的公众活动,祭祀后祭品的分发零细琐碎。如何能够公平合理,乐一里人之心,最是操心费神,格外需要精明的人来处理。司马迁《史记》记载,库上里举行社祭,祭祀后分发祭肉时,陈平被推举出来主刀。陈平分肉,公平得体,切合上上下下利益,得到众人的欢喜。里中的父老对陈平评价甚高,称赞他“善为一里之宰”。陈平听到后感叹地说:“如果让我来宰割天下,也将如同分肉一样。”东汉末年著名的文人蔡邕曾经为陈平主持分肉的库上里神社树碑,留有《陈留东昏库上里社碑》铭文。

(选自李开元《秦汉的乡里社祭》,有删改)

小题1:从原文看,下列对“里”的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.里是位于乡之下的居民组织,管事人员有里正、十长、毫受、里监门,其中里监门最为寒酸。

B.里是人们的居住区,根据自然聚落的实际情况设置,户数多少不等,小的十余户,大的百余户。

C.里是居民的共同生活场所,在这个共同生活场所中,人们每年都要举行社祭,祈求丰年和报告收成。

D.里是社会的基层组织,每个里都是在政府指导下完全封闭的小区,里有门。有街巷,各家也自有门户。小题2:下列对原文的理解与分析,正确的一项是(3分)

A.秦汉时代,国家的基本行政机构由郡、县、乡组成,其中乡是国家 * * 的末端组织。

B.社祭有春祭和秋祭两种,它不仅是里中社会庄严的祭日,同时也是盛大的节庆宴乐。

C.社祭的祭品由一里之人共同出资备办,祭祀完毕以后会把部分祭品分发给众人享用。

D.陈平分发祭品公平得体,众人皆大欢喜,司马迁在《史记》中对其进行了高度赞扬。小题3:下列对原文中作者观点的概括,正确的一项是(3分)

A.乡设有乡啬夫、游徼、乡佐、“三老”等职务,担任这些职务的人都从国家领取俸禄。

B.相比于郡、县而言,乡的作用更为重要,因为它承接县和里,从多个方面直接管理乡内居民。

C.担任里监门的人往往是穷愁无业、生活无着落的人,如落难潦倒的张耳等也曾做过里监门。

D.祭品的分发零细琐碎,又要做到公平合理,因而往往由里正或者里中德高望重的长老来完成。

阅读理解

Sitting is art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies –or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting – it’s watching.

People used to sit a lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oilcans and tries and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.

Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest (消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze (悠闲的氛围).

That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery (正在充电的电池) doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul if you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something –sit there.

小题1:What message does the author try to get through to us ?

A.People should make better use of their sitting room.

B.People should spend less time watching TV.

C.People should pass down their good habits.

D.People should take things easy for their own good.小题2:We can learn from the second paragraph that  _____________

A.people lived a more restful life in the past

B.towns were built to make living convenient

C.small town garages had a lot to offer

D.people enjoyed going out for a drive小题3:The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for______________.

A.eating food .

B.watching TV .

C.gathering together.

D.playing with children.小题4: From the text we know the writer believes_______________

A.sitting has a good spiritual effect

B.sitting helps people remember the past

C.sitting rooms may have different purposes

D.a sitting room is important for the old.