问题 判断题

到货率是实收煤与计划供应指标之比。

答案

参考答案:对

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
孔林,地面上的家谱
杨朝明 刘续兵
  孔林就像地面上的孔氏家族谱系,后人安葬前辈,昭穆不乱,井然有序。林内分布着历代“衍圣公”以及可以入孔氏宗谱的后裔子孙墓葬群。因年代久远,孔门第四十二代以前,除孔子祖孙三代墓世代祭祀不绝,仍保持着完整的墓碑、祠坛和神道石以外,只有第四代的墓有确切位置,其余已不可考。不过,从战国到宋代,墓群都按时代分布着。而自从第五十五代开始,墓葬归属则座座明确,尤其是元、明、清三代,保存基本完好。
  作为伟大圣人,孔子深刻认识社会人生,也对天命、鬼神有自己的理解。孔子主张通过祭祀的仪式教育人们要追念先祖功德,希望通过这些礼仪教化人心,使“民德归厚”。孔子推崇周礼,强调“慎终追远”,重视丧葬与祭祀,主张“葬之以礼”“祭之以礼”,其着眼点应该在于现世人间的秩序。社会风气的好坏,取决于孝道是否得到施行,爱心的培养应当从“孝亲”开始,所以孔子说“立爱自亲始”。人只有做到“亲亲”才能“爱人”,只有在“亲亲”的基础上加强修养,推己及人,才能“不独亲其亲,不独子其子”“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼”,进而才能做到“泛爱众”“四海之内皆兄弟”。
  “孝”是爱心形成的基础,“孝”是整个伦理乃至人文大厦的根基。孔子认为,只要是“人”,就应当具有仁德,而“孝敬父母”就会有仁德;人之所以为人,“孝”是一个基本标志。什么是“孝”,孔子曾经做过不少解答。例如,他说孝的人能够做到“三年无改于父之道”,哪一位父亲都希望儿女走正途,父亲去世后能自我约束,几年内不改其志,十分难得。一个人是否做到了“孝”,可以从不同的角度进行考量,而“葬之以礼”“祭之以礼”也是孝的重要表现,用孔子的话说这叫“无违”,也就是不违背礼制。孔子所说的“父之道”的传承,爱心的递相授受,人文的薪火相传,不都是这样一代一代进行的吗?
  孔子是春秋末年的鲁国人,其以“孝”为中心的儒学是鲁文化结出的丰硕“精神文明”的成果。西周初年,鲁国的第一代国君伯禽来到鲁国,积极推行周礼,采取了“尊尊而亲亲”的“治国方针”,形成了鲁国独具特色的文化品格。
  孔氏家族没有因为王朝的更迭而有大的起伏,井然有序、“万古长春”的孔林,这部地面上的家谱,也喻示着孔子学说超越特定时代的价值。兵连祸结的时候人们盼望和平与和谐,礼崩乐坏的时候人们期待仁政与德治,在历史上,不论哪朝哪代,不论哪个民族,前来祭祀孔子的人络绎不绝。络绎不绝的扫墓队伍,简洁而寓意悠远的仪式,无声的静默哀思,古木森森的背景,生动地传达着中 * * 古老文化的信息。
(摘自《文明》2011年第4期,有改动)
1.孔林里能使“后人安葬前辈,昭穆不乱,井然有序”,不属于其原因的一项是(     )
A.因为从战国到宋代,墓群都按时代分布着;而孔门前四代和第五十五代以后的墓群,墓葬归属则座座明确,保存基本完好。
B.孔子对天命、鬼神有自己的理解。孔子主张通过祭祀的仪式教育人们要追念先祖功德,希望通过这些礼仪教化人心,使“民德归厚”。
C.孔子推崇周礼,强调“慎终追远”,重视丧葬与祭祀,主张“葬之以礼”“祭之以礼”,其着眼点应该在于现世人间的秩序。
D.子孙能以礼葬、祭祀先辈,才可能去“爱人”,才可能亲人之亲、老人之老,进而才能做到“泛爱众”“四海之内皆兄弟”。
 2.下列各项中,不能直接说明“‘孝’是整个伦理乃至人文大厦的根基”这句话含意的一项是(     )
A.只要是“人”,就应当具有仁德,有仁德就会“孝敬父母”;人之为人,“孝”是一个基本标志。
B.有孝心的人能够做到“三年无改于父之道”,父亲去世后能自我约束走正途,几年内不改其志。
C.孔子所说的“父之道”的传承,爱心的递相授受,人文的薪火相传,都是孝礼制下的代代相传。
D.伯禽积极推行周礼,采取了“尊尊而亲亲”的“治国方针”,形成了鲁国独具特色的文化品格。
 3.下列表述,符合原文意思的一项是(     )
A.除孔门第四十三代至第五十四代的墓没有确切位置,不可考证外;其余,则是墓葬归属座座分明,有些还保存基本完好。
B.一个人是否做到了“孝”,可以从不同的角度进行考量,而“无违”即不违背礼制,也是做到“孝”的一个重要表现。
C.井然有序、“万古长春”的孔林,这部地面上的家谱,也因为孔氏家族一直没有大的起伏,而使孔子学说有超越特定时代的价值。
D.在历史上,人们络绎不绝地来到孔林,以简洁而意义悠远的仪式祭祀孔子,主要为了表达对和平与和谐的盼望、对仁政与德治的期待。
阅读理解

阅读理解

     We all know how important human life is-it's priceless. It doesn't matter where you are from or what

the color of your skins is-all people are human beings. Firstly, we can tell you that the lives of your

relatives could depend on your ability to give first aid. If you think highly of human's life, this website is

for you! Here you can find information about first aid.

     The very first thing that you should do when you see an accident is to evaluate the situation and

prevent further dangerous incidents. First of all, you have to recognize what has happened and what the

dangers to rescuers and victims are. Think about how to take care of the victims.

     Helping usually takes place in very difficult conditions and injuries can be very bad. Therefore, you

cannot be too afraid of making mistakes to help. Sometimes you have to face the fact that regardless of

your actions and your efforts the victim's condition might not improve-he or she could even die. In some

cases even professional medical aid may not succeed. If you have done everything you think you should

do, you shouldn't feel guilty.

     Do not expose yourself to danger. Giving first aid can be dangerous. While trying to help a victim, do

not forget about your own safety. If something happens to you, you won't be able to help anyone.

     Call for help after you find out the condition of a victim. But remember if a victim faints due to

breathing failure caused by drowning, choking or poisoning, you should first take actions that help to

bring back the heart beat and breathing. While calling, talk shortly but clearly. Always provide the

following information: the location of the accident, the kind of accident, the number of the injured and

your full name and phone number and so on.

1. The passage is probably taken from _________.

A. a newspaper    

B. the Internet    

C. a textbook    

D. a guide book

2. The underlined word " evaluate" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. 

A. leave    

B. protect    

C. avoid    

D. judge

3. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. You should learn some professional knowledge about first aid.

B. You shouldn't feel guilty if you don't know about first aid.

C. Try your best to give first aid and don't be afraid of making mistakes

D. Don't make mistakes when you are giving first aid.

4. The author thinks that helping a victim can be ____________.

A. risky    

B. shocking    

C. exciting    

D. boring

5. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A. young people must learn how to give first aid

B. you should forget about your own safety while giving first aid.

C. when you see an accident you should do nothing but call the police.

D. when calling for help you should give all relevant details.