问题 问答题

梦达鞋业有限公司2007年初打算添置一条生产线,使用寿命为10年,由于对相关的税法规定不熟,现在正在为两个方案争论不休:

方案一:自行购置,预计购置成本为200万元,税法规定的折旧年限为15年,税法规定残值率为购置成本的10%。预计该资产lo年后的变现价值为55万元。

方案二:以租赁方式取得,租金公司要求每年末支付租金26万元,租期为10年,租赁期内不得退租,租赁期满设备所有权不转让。承租人需要自行支付运输费、安装调试费和途中保险费等合计15万元。

梦达公司的所得税率为25%,税前借款(有担保)利率为8%,项目要求的必要报酬率为10%。

已知:(P/A,6%,10)=7.3601,(P/A,8%,10)=6.7101,(P/S,10%,10)=0.3855,(P/S,8%,10)=0.4632,(P/S,6%,10)=0.5584

要求:

(1)根据税法规定,判别租赁的税务性质;

(2)计算租赁方案融资的数额;

(3)计算购置方案折旧抵税现值;

(4)计算租金抵税现值和租金现值;

(5)计算购置方案10年后该资产变现的相关现金净流入量现值;

(6)用差量现金流量法计算租赁方案相对于自购方案的净现值,为梦达公司作出正确的选择。

答案

参考答案:

(1) 根据题意可知:

该项租赁在期满时资产所有权不转让; 租金在租赁期内等额支付; 租赁期占资产使用年限的比例=10÷15=66.67%,低于税法规定的75%; 租赁最低付款额的现值=26×(P/A,8%,10)=174.46(万元)

低于租赁资产的公允价值的90%(200×90%=180万元)。

因此,该租赁合同的租金可以直接抵税。

(2)租赁方案融资的数额=200-15=185(万元)

(3) 购置方案的每年折旧=200×(1-10%)÷15=12(万元)

每年折旧抵税额=12×25%=3(万元)

折现率=8%×(1-25%)=6%

折旧抵税现值=3×(P/A,6%,10)=22.08(万元)

(4)折现率=8%×(1-25%)=6%

每年的租金抵税=26×25%=6.5(万元)

租金抵税现值=6.5×(P/A,6%,10)=47.84(万元)

租金现值=26×(P/A,6%,10)=191.36(万元)

(5)变现收入为55万元 变现时资产的账面价值=200-12×10=80(万元)

变现损失减税=(80-55)×25%=6.25(万元)

相关现金净流入量=55+6.25=61.25(万元)

折现率为10%,现值=61.25×(P/S,10%,10)=23.61(万元)

(6)租赁方案相对于自购方案的净现值=185-22.08-191.36+47.84-23.61 =-4.21(万元)

由于租赁方案相对于自购方案的净现值小于0,因此应选择自行购置。

阅读理解
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