问题 问答题

试论培训过程中采用小组讨论方式的好处。

答案

参考答案:研究表明,许多学员都倾向于选择与其他学员一起学习。这是因为他们一起学习时,可以相互帮助、相互鼓励、交流彼此的意见与经验,并能够从小组讨论中获得各种知识。
小组讨论把学员从相对被动的地位转变到相对主动的地位。不论是大组还是小组,所有成员都应参加活动。小组可以是全体小组讨论,也可以是培训师为了某种目的而划分的分小组的讨论。这些活动既可以看做是独立的有意义的教学过程,也可以看做是培训讲授的补充。
小组讨论的好处具体如下:
(1)从讲师的角度来看,这类活动会增加学员的学习动力,激励他们以认真负责的态度学习,而且证明学习本身其乐无穷。
(2)从学员的角度而言,这更是一种成熟的学习方式,活动中有不同程度的讨论和协商,每个学员的生活和工作经验丰富了全体学员的学习成就。这种方式有助于弥补学员和培训师专业知识水平的差异。
(3)从课堂效果方面来看,小组讨论式教学法使教学以学员为主,学员主动,学习热情始终维持较高水平且课堂气氛活跃对培养学员独立思考的能力有促进作用。
(4)从知识运用方面来看,小组讨论式教学法教给学员如何获得新知识,同时也教给学员如何分析和解决问题,强化了学员探询知识和解决问题的能力。
(5)从能力培养方面来看,小组讨论教学法可以使学员掌握解决问题的能力和相互学习、取长补短的技能及自我评价的技能。
(6)小组讨论教学法还有助于发展学员的人际交往能力、改变对他人的看法。通过小组讨论,学员学会倾听别人的意见,思考他人的观点,并学会有组织地和各种人交往。他们需要进行换位思考,体会别人的处境和感受。所以,不论是活动内容还是活动过程,集体学习能力极大地促进每一位学员的发展。
(7)学员通过小组讨论可以对学习过程本身更加清楚,而不会想当然地做出判断。这一点表现为学员评价课程设置的能力得到增强。
(8)用认知科学的术语来讲,小组讨论有助于发展高级思维技能,帮助学员超越简单的识记过程,着力于应用、分析、评估等活动。例如,小组讨论激励学员分析复杂情况,将原理应用于具体情况,萌发新观点,提供解决问题的方案,参照标准对解决方案进行评估。在小组内,那些曾经被认为是不会动脑筋的学员在这种活动的影响下积极性会得到显著提高。
综上所述,小组讨论式教学法在开发学员智能、提高学员解决问题的能力等方面有较大的优势。它是以学员为中心,以培训师为载体,使学员通过推理、分析反复运用已学知识而达到训练学员自学能力、推理能力、运用所学知识能力的目的。小组讨论式教学有利于学员解决问题能力的培养,有利于自学技能的获得,这将有利于培养高素质人才教育目标的实现,从而满足当今与未来社会的需要。但也应注意到小组讨论式教学的局限和缺点。它要求时间要充裕、讨论主题要明确、学员基础知识牢固。因此,如何将讨论式教学法与传统教学法有机地结合在一起,相互取长补短,仍是一个有待深入研究的问题。

阅读理解

In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’(对手)kites or cut their strings(线).

For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. Their kites are made of nylon(尼龙).Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite. 

The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.

Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!

小题1:Which of the following is true according to the text?

A.A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.

B.Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.

C.Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.

D.Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.小题2:What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?

A.It has two strings.

B.It is simple in design

C.It has a rainbow pattern.

D.It is shaped like a diamond.小题3:According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?

A.A large kite.

B.Any type of kite.

C.A complex structure.

D.A kite that impresses others.小题4:What is mainly described in the text?

A.A kite factory

B.Kite-flying lessons.

C.Special competitions.

D.The kite-making Process.

单项选择题 A1型题