问题 单项选择题 B型题

疫苗从生产单位到使用单位,在储存、运输和接种等过程中都保持在较冷的环境下()

A.预防接种

B.计划免疫

C.扩大免疫计划

D.冷链

E.被动自动免疫

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

(1)人工自动免疫指用病原微生物或其代谢产物制成的生物制品,接种(口服、注射等)机体后,使之产生特异性免疫.它是免疫预防的主要方法,按使用制品可分为减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗、类毒素、多联多价疫苗四类.这四类生物制品各有优缺点。

(2)人工被动免疫将含有抗体的血清或其制剂注入机体,使机体立即获得现成抗体而受到保护,有免疫血清,丙种球蛋白.前者是抗毒素,抗菌和抗病毒血清的总称。

(3)被动自动免疫在注射破伤风或白喉抗毒素的同时,也可作破伤风或白喉类毒素的接种,使机体在迅速获得特异性抗体的同时,也可产生持久的免疫力。

不定项选择
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In Wiltshire, England, volunteers are being sought to visit a nature protection area to count the

butterflies living there and on surrounding fields. The project is promoted by an environmental protection

organisation, which has contributed to improving the living environment for wild animals. Recently, the

organisation has issued an appeal to help it observe environmental changes based on the record of

butterflies and protect the environment.

     In the area, the local people have Planted many special flowers with the help of the organisation,

aiming to see whether these  flowers will  interest the rare and beautiful butterflies. The Project officer

Sarah Marshall says, "It will be a suitable habitat (栖息地) for butterflies. They are great 'indicator

species' as they are easily affected by climate changes so they make a brillian early - warning system

for the environment." She also points out that volunteers are needed to recourd the number or species

of butterflies, and based on the change happening to the butterflies, the hidden environmental problems 

 in the area can be found out in time.

     The organisation is seeking volunteers to help monitor butterflies from April through to September.

They will walk a fixed route and record the different butterflies they encounter along the way. Each visit

should take no more than two hours, and each volunteer is expected to visit once a month to count the

wildlife. "Staff will provide back up, so if the weather is poor on the day you are to visit (butterflies don't

like to fly in the rain, wind or if it's too cloudy) we can have someone else do your job," Sarah points

out.

     No Previous experience is necessary as training and support will be provided, but a keen interest is

  essential. If you are interested P1ease contact Sarah on (0l380) 725670, ext 278, email  sarahm

Wiltshirewildlife. org

1. According to Paragraph l, what is the purpose of the Project?

A. To appeal to more visitors.

B. To protect the environment.

C. To control butterfly population.

D. To expand the area for wildlife.

2. Many special flowers have been planted in Wiltshire to            .

A. warn people of wildlife extinction

B. appeal more tourists to be involved in

C. attract many unusual and beautiful butterflies

D. improve the economic conditions of local people

3. Butterflies are called "indicator species" because              .

A. they can provide support for visitors

B. they can give information to other species

C. they are not easily found out in their habitats

D. they are very sensitive to environmental changes

4. Volunteers are required to do the things EXCEPT             .

A. having some special previous experience

B. being interested in protecting the environment

C. walking a regular route and do some recordings

D. visiting the nature protection area once a month

5. What is the text mainly about?

A. Visitors are being trained to identify butterflies.

B. Wildlife areas are being protected by butterflies.

C. Volunteers are being needed to count butterflies.

D. Organisations are being put up to protect butterflies.