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目前我国物流标准化工作存在哪些问题？

答案

参考答案：

近几年来，随着中国国民经济与对外贸易的发展，中国物流标准化得到了较快的发展，取得了一系列可喜的成绩。但也存在许多的问题，具体表现在：

（1）尽管我国建立了物流标识标准体系，并制定了一些重要的国家标准，如《商品条码》.《储运单元条码》、《物流单元条码》等，但这些标准的应用推广存在着严重问题。以《储运单元条码》为例，应用正确率不足15%。

（2）缺乏货物运输过程中基本设备的统一规范，如托盘的尺寸、卡车的大小、仓库货架的尺寸等无法配套使用。其中托盘标准存在的问题较为典型，我国的物流企业有的采用欧美标准，有的采用日韩标准，还有的干脆自己定义，由于与产品包装箱尺寸不匹配，严重影响了物流配送系统的运作效率。

（3）商品信息标准化工作落实盲目。我国许多部门和单位都在建自己的商品信息数据库，但数据库的字段、类型和长度都不一致，形成一个个信息孤岛，严重影响了作为物流管理基础的信息交换和电子商务的运作。

单项选择题

工程项目合同管理的基本原则不包括（）。

A.公平原则

B.平等自愿原则

C.公开原则

D.符合法律法规的原则
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填空题

Questions


·Read the following passage and answer questions.
1. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as a central to the competitive survival of the firm of the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to rent at the lowest possible cost — as much as one buys row materials or equipment.
2. The lack of the importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the cooperation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.
3. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments on modem training workers are much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
4. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrived. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany do (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in United States. More times is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed, with which new equipment can be employed.
5. The result is a slower pace of technological changes. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cannot effectively staff the processes that have to operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

Questions


·For questions, choose the best title for each paragraph from below.
·For each numbered paragraph, mark one letter (A-G) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
A. The bad effect of poor management on new technologies.
B. The position of human-resource management in corporation hierarchy.
C. The work force — training in American firms.
D. Human-resource management is not important for American firms.
E. How to make American firms become more completive.
F. The importance of worker’s skill.
G. Problems exit in American’s companies.

Paragraph 1: ______
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