问题 解答题

设an是关于x的方程xn+nx-1=0(n∈N*,x∈(0,+∞))的根.试证明:

(1)an∈(0,1);

(2)an+1<an

(3)a12+a22+…+an2<1.

答案

证明:(1)设f(x)=xn+nx-1,

∵f(0)=-1<0,f(1)=n>0,

且函数f(x)的图象在(0,+∞)上是连续的,

∴f(x)在(0,1)上至少有一个零点,

即方程xn+nx-1=0在(0,1)内至少有一个根.(3分)

∵x∈(0,+∞),

∴f′(x)=nxn-1+n>0,

∴f(x)在(0,+∞)上是增函数.

∴方程xn+nx-1=0在(0,+∞)内有唯一根,

且根在(0,1)内,即an∈(0,1).(5分)

(2)方法一:∵f(

1
n
)=(
1
n
)n>0,f(
1
n+1
)=(
1
n+1
)n+
n
n+1
-1=(
1
n+1
)n-
1
n+1
≤0,

且函数f(x)的图象在(0,+∞)上是连续的,

∴f(x)在[

1
n+1
1
n
)内至少有一个零点,

即方程xn+nx-1=0在[

1
n+1
1
n
)内至少有一个根.

又由(1)知函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递增,

∴方程xn+nx-1=0在[

1
n+1
1
n
)内有唯一根,

1
n+1
an
1
n
.(8分)

1
n+2
an+1
1
n+1

∴an+1<an.          (9分)

方法二:由(1)知,ann+nan-1=0,

an+1n+1+(n+1)an+1-1=0,

两式相减得:an+1n+1+(n+1)an+1-ann-nan=0,(7分)

若存在n∈N*,使得an+1≥an

则an+1≥an>ann

从而an+1n+1+(n+1)an+1-ann-nan>(n+1)an+1-ann-nan=an+1-ann+nan+1-nan>0,矛盾.

所以an+1<an.(9分)

(3)由题设得a1=

1
2
a12=
1
4
<1

当n∈N*时,an=

1-ann
n
1
n

a12+a22<(

1
2
)2+(
1
2
)2=
1
2
<1.         (12分)

当n≥3时有a12+a22+a32+…+an2<(

1
2
)2+(
1
2
)2+(
1
3
)2+…+(
1
n
)2

1
4
+
1
4
+
1
2•3
+
1
3•4
+…+
1
(n-1)n

=

1
4
+
1
4
+(
1
2
-
1
3
)+(
1
3
-
1
4
)+…+(
1
n-1
-
1
n
)

=1-

1
n
<1.

综上a12+a22+…+an2<1.               (14分)

完形填空
完形填空。
     Tim was a  1   boy. He was not a very good student, and he did not like _2_ homework   3    he
enjoyed doing other things in his free time. Usually, he did not do his homework and when he did it he
always _4   a lot of mistakes.
      One day his math teacher   5   Tim's homework and saw that he got all his   6   right. He was very
_7_ and rather (相当) _8_. He called Tim to his desk and said to     9 . "You got all your homework
 10_ this time, Tim. _11_? Did your father help _12_?"
      Usually Tim's father helped him  13   his homework, but the evening before this, he had not
been able to (能), because he _14_ at home that evening, so Tim answered, "No, sir, he was very
busy last night,   15   I had to do it all by myself."
( )1. A. ten years old
( )2. A. do          
( )3. A. because      
( )4. A. makes        
( )5. A. looked for  
( )6. A. homework    
( )7. A. happy        
( )8. A. angry        
( )9. A. him          
( )10. A. right      
( )11. A. Why        
( )12. A. yourself    
( )13. A. with        
( )14. A. didn't    
( )15. A. so          
B. ten-year-old
B. doing        
B. so          
B. made        
B. looked at    
B. housework    
B. sad          
B. sad          
B. he          
B. wrong        
B. When        
B. himself      
B. in          
B. wasn't      
B. but          
C. ten year old          
C. did                  
C. also                  
C. has made              
C. looked around        
C. farm work            
C. angry                
C. surprised (感到惊讶的)
C. his                  
C. mistake              
C. What                  
C. you                  
C. on                    
C. haven't              
C. too                  
D. ten-years-old
D. done        
D. as well      
D. was making  
D. looked after
D. home        
D. lively      
D. surpring    
D. himself      
D. false              
D. Where        
D. him          
D. of          
D. doesn't    
D. because      
单项选择题