问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成问题。

  昆曲本是吴方言区域里的产物,现今还有人在那里传习。苏州地方,曲社有好几个。退休的官僚,现任的善堂董事,学校教员,中年田主少年田主,还有诸如此类的一些业余的唱曲家,都是那几个曲社里的成员。至于职业的演唱家,只有一个班子,就是上海“大千世界”的仙霓社。逢到星期日,没有什么事来逼迫,我也偶尔跑去看他们的演唱,消磨一个下午。

  演唱昆曲是厅堂里的事。地上铺一方红地毯,就算是剧中的境界;唱的时候,笛子是主要的乐器,声音当然不会怎么响,但是在一个厅堂里,也就各处听得见了。搬上旧式的戏台去,即使在一个并不宽广的戏院子里,就不及平剧那样容易叫全体观众听清。如果搬上新式的舞台去,那简直没法听,大概坐在第五六排的人就只看见演员拂袖按髯了。

  昆曲那些戏本子虽然也有幽期密约,盗劫篡夺,但是总要归结到教忠教孝,劝贞劝节,神佛有灵,人力微薄。就文词而言,据内行家说,多用词藻故实是不算稀奇的,要像元曲那样亦文亦话才是本色。但是,即使像了元曲,又何尝能够句句像口语一样听进耳朵就明白?再说,昆曲的调子有非常迂缓的,一个字延长到十几拍,那就无论如何讲究辨音,讲究发声跟收声,听的人总是难以听清楚那是什么字了。所以,听昆曲先得记熟曲文;自然,能够通晓曲文里的故实跟词藻那就尤其有味。

  昆曲的串演,歌舞并重。舞的部分就是身体的各种动作跟姿势,唱到哪个字,眼睛应该看哪里,手应该怎样,脚应该怎样,都由老师傅传授下来,世代遵守着。动作跟姿势大概重在对称,向左方做了这么一个舞态,接下来就向右方也做这么一个舞态,意思是使台下的看客得到同等的观赏。譬如《牡丹亭》里的《游园》一出,杜丽娘小姐跟春香丫头就是一对舞伴,从闺中晓妆起,直到游罢回家止,没有一刻不是带唱带舞的,而且没有一刻不是两人互相对称的。这一点似乎比较平剧与汉调来得高明。前年看见过一本《国剧身段谱》,详记平剧里各种角色的各种姿势,实在繁复非凡;可是我们去看平剧,就觉得演员很少有动作,如《李陵碑》里的杨老令公,直站在台上尽唱,两手插在袍甲里,偶尔伸出来挥动一下罢了。昆曲虽然注重动作跟姿势,也要演员能够体会才好,如果不知道所以然,只是死守着祖传来表演,那就跟木偶戏差不多。(取材于叶圣陶1934年所作《昆曲》,有删改)

  [注]①平剧:即京剧,当时亦称国剧。②故实:以往的有历史意义的事实;典故。

1.下列说法符合文意的一项是(     )

A.昆曲的内容有的诲淫诲盗,有的也教忠教孝,劝贞劝节。

B.昆曲里好的戏文词藻故实颇丰,而且文言白话兼而有之。

C.昆曲的舞注重手脚之间的协调,是为了准确地表现唱词。

D.昆曲人物舞台站位互相对称,因其舞台布景讲究对称性。

2.下列说法不符合文意的一项是(     )

A.昆曲的爱好者一般具有较高的文化修养和一定的经济条件。

B.昆曲演出的效果与观众事先对曲目内容的熟悉程度有很大的关系。

C.昆曲演出原是厅堂里的事,因此不太适应新式舞台的要求。

D.昆曲演出要求演员注重动作姿势,致使有些演出如木偶戏一般。

3.简要概括本文谈到的昆曲的长处与局限。

_________________________________________

答案

1.B

2.D

3.长处:文化内涵丰富,唱词文白兼有且重故实;艺术表演精湛,歌舞并重。局限:不适合在新式舞台演出,有的演员墨守成规。(意对即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解

     There are many theories about how drama (戏剧) came into being in ancient Greece. The one most

widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama developed gradually from ceremonies. The

argument for this view goes as follows.

     In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the

desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories

arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed, some of them were abandoned,

but the stories, later called myths (神话), provided materials for art and drama

     Those who believe that drama came out of ceremonies also argue that those ceremonies contained the

seed of theater because music, dance, and masks were almost always used. In addition, there were

performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the rules of

ceremonies, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks, they often impersonated (扮演)

other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and performed the desired effect by gestures -- success in

hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival (复活) of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

     Another theory finds out the theater came from the human Interest in storytelling. According to this

view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other events) are gradually formed, at first through the use of

impersonation, action, and dialogue by a speaker and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person A closely related theory about drama traces to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations (模仿) of animal movements and sounds.

1. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

A. Three theories about how drama came into being are mentioned.

B. The majority of people believe drama came from ceremonies.

C. Stories were made up to explain the mysteries of the ceremonies.

D. Religious activities developed gradually from ceremonies.

2. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. all measures couldn't bring the desired results

B. religious leaders usually didn't perform in the ceremonies

C. mistakes are unavoidable in the religious ceremonies

D. performers usually used languages to reach the desired results

3. The underlined part "traces to" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. dates back to      

B. is devoted to  

C. gives way to    

D. is familiar to

4. The best title for the text would be ______.

A. The Development of Drama            

B. The History of Drama

C. The Origin of Drama                

D. The Popularity of Drama

单项选择题