问题 问答题 论述题

配货作业有哪两种形式?论述这两种不同配货作业的方式。

答案

参考答案:

配货是配送工作的第一步,根据各个用户的需求情况,首先确定需要配送货物的种类和数量,然后在配送中心将所需货物挑选出来,即所谓的分拣。配货作业有两种基本形式:分货方式和拣选方式。

(1)摘取方式(又称拣选方式)摘取方式是在配送中心分别为每个用户拣选其所需货物,此方法的特点是配送中心的每种货物的位置是固定的,对于货物类型多、数量少的情况,这种配货方式便于管理和实现现代化。①摘取方式的原理进行拣选式配货时,以出货单为准,每位拣货员按照品类顺序或储位顺序,到每种品类的储位下层的拣货区拣取该出货单内该品类的数量,码放在托盘上,再继续拣取下一个品类,一直到该出货单结束后,将拣选好的货品与出货单置放于待运区指定的位置后,由出货验放人员接手。②摘取式的优点A.以出货单为单位,一人负责一张单据,出错的机会较少,而且易于追查;B.有些配送中心以摘取式进行配货,甚至省略了出货验放的工作,而是由拣货员兼任出货验放的工作。③摘取式的缺点A.作业重复太多。尤其是热销商品,几乎每张出货单都要走一趟仓库,容易在这个地区造成进出交通拥堵,补货不及时等现象;B.人力负荷重。出货单的品类多,但每种货物的需求量少的时候,人力作业的负担就很重,每人(拣货员)拣取单数与工作时间成反比。

(2)播种方式(又称分货方式)播种方式是将需配送的同一种货物,从配送中心集中搬运到发货场地,然后再根据各用户对该种货物的需求量进行二次分配,就像播种一样。这种方式适用货物易于集中移动且对同一种货物需求量较大的情况。①播种方式的原理播种式配货的原理和摘取式完全不同,除了单一的出货单以外,还需要有各个出库商品品类的总数量。拣货员的工作,先是按照"拣货总表"的品类总量,到指定储位下层的拣货区一次取一类货物。取完一个品类后,拖至待验区,按照出货单的代码(位置编号)将该品类应出货的数量放下。②播种式的优点A.在误差度上比摘取式占了明显的优势;B.在大多数情况中,处理时间也比摘取式节省;C.转换成人力成本来计算,播种式可节省17%~25%的费用或是相当的工时。③播种式的缺点A.播种式的配货法需要相当的空间为待验区,对于仓储空间有限的从业者而言,有相当的困难;B.出货时间必须有一定的间隔(要等到这一批的出货单全部拣完、验完),不能像摘取式配货那样可以逐单、连续出货。

(3)摘取方式和播种方式的比较:①如果出货单数量不多,摘取方式和播种方式的效率与效果都没有什么差别。②如果在同样是大量出货的情况下比较,播种式配货法在误差度上占了明显的优势,误差率是指以出货验放时的发现错单次数占出货单总数的比例。而且在大多数情况中,处理时间也比摘取式节省。如果转换成人力成本来计算,应可节省17%~25%的费用或是相当的工时。比较的前提条件是:拣货员与出货验放员数量不变,出货单数量相同。③摘取式配货法在某些情况下,例如出货数量少、频率少的商品品种(书籍);品种多、数量少,但识别条件多的品种(如成衣);体积小而单价高的品种(化妆品、药品、机械零件);牵涉到批号管制且每批数量不一定的品种等,仍然有它的适用性。

完形填空

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

请阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D中),选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

On a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station, playing his violin. People quickly going home for the weekend  36  their paces and put some  37  into the hat of the young man.  

The next day, the young artist came again, and put his  38  on the ground gently. Different from the day before, he  39  a large piece of paper on the ground and put some stones on it. Then he  40  the violin and began playing.

  Before long, the young violinist was  41  by people, who were all attracted by the words on that paper. It said, “ 42 , a gentleman named George Sang put a(n)  43  thing into my hat  44 . Please come to claim it soon.”

  It caused a great excitement and people  45  what it could be. After about half an hour, a middle-aged man ran there in a hurry and  46  through the crowd to the violinist and grabbed his  47  and said, “Yes, it’s you. I knew that you’re an  48  man and would certainly come here.”

  The violinist took out a lottery ticket( * * ) on which George Sang’s name was seen and gave it to George, who  49  the lottery ticket and kissed it, then he  50  with the violinist.

The story turned out to be like this: George Sang  51  a lottery ticket a few days ago. The awards opened yesterday and he won a prize of $500, 000. So he felt very  52  after work the night before and felt the music was so wonderful that he put 50 dollars in the hat.  53 , the lottery ticket was also thrown in.

Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest  54  always be with us. If we bear ourselves in a dishonest way, we may succeed  55 . However, from the long-term view, we will be losers.

36.A. sped up                    B. slowed down            C. set                                  D. kept

37.A. money                        B. tickets                      C. food                               D. cards

38.A. violin                      B. wallet                      C. hat                                  D. note

39.A. found                      B. noticed                     C. laid                                 D. stuck

40.A. moved                  B. cleaned                    C. admired                          D. adjusted

41.A. surrounded            B. praised                    C. encouraged                   D. questioned

42.A. Last week                 B. Yesterday morning    C. This afternoon                 D. Last night

43.A. useful                      B. important                 C. new                                D. strange

44.A. on purpose               B. at once                            C. by mistake                       D. with care

45.A. knew                       B. wondered                 C. realized                           D. noticed

46.A. walked                     B. forced                      C. passed                             D. rushed

47.A. violin                      B. ticket                       C. shoulders                         D. ears

48.A. honest                  B. interesting                C. important                        D. exciting

49.A. seized                      B. received                   C. dropped                          D. purchased

50.A. argued                        B. danced                            C. left                                 D. stayed

51.A. printed                     B. possessed                C. lost                                 D. bought

52.A. happy                      B. desperate                 C. grateful                           D. hopeful

53.A. Therefore                 B. However                  C. Besides                           D. Fortunately

54.A. can                          B. may                         C. should                             D. would

55.A. finally                            B. completely               C. happily                           D. temporarily

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