问题 计算题

在图1所示的电路中,电源电压保持6伏不变, R1的阻值为10欧。闭合电键S,电压表的示数如图2所示。

⑴ 求通过电阻R1的电流。

⑵ 求电阻R2的阻值。

⑶ 现有阻值分别为2欧、10欧、50欧、100欧的四个定值电阻,请选择其中一个定值电阻替换电路中的电阻R2,要求:电压表选择合适的量程后,闭合闭合开关S,能使电压表指针偏离到图所示电压的一半。

请判断:所提供的四个定值电阻是否符合要求,若有符合,请具体说明是___________电阻,并指出电压表所选用的量程;若不符合,请说明理由。

答案

(1)0.2A(2)20Ω(3)2Ω和50Ω符合要求

题目分析:⑴∵电源电压为6伏, R1R2串联,且电压表并联在R1两端

∴电压表示数为2伏,即R1两端电压U1为2伏           1分

I1=0.2安                             2分

⑵∴I2I1=0.2安

U2U-U1=6伏-2伏=4伏                          1分

R2=20欧                             2分

⑶若电压表量程不换时,电压表指针偏离零刻度线的角度是原来的一半,则U1为1伏

I1=0.1安

I2I1=0.1安

U2U-U1′=6伏-1伏=5伏

R2=50欧                          1分

若电压表量程更换时,电压表指针偏离零刻度线的角度是原来的一半,则U1为5伏 

I1=0.5安

I2I1=0.5安

U2U-U1′=6伏-5伏=1伏

R2=2欧                           1分

因此,在所提供的四个定值电阻中有两个电阻符合要求,

它们是2欧和50欧。

点评:关键是欧姆定律和串联电路特征的灵活运用,第3问中看似较难,实则能分析清楚题意,分解为若干个小题进行解题,其实物理题大多都这样,所以注意练习,注重方法的掌握。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering (掌握) a few good ways that others can learn.

Here are some secrets of straight-A (全优的) students.

     ① Study comes first. When the books are open, phone calls will not be answered, TV shows will not

be watched.

     ② Study anywhere or everywhere. Some students work late at night when the house is quiet. Others

wake up early. But straight-A students study as soon as they come home from school. All agree that they

succeed in their study because they can keep studying like this.

     ③ Organize well. Don't waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. Keep everything at the right

place.

     ④ Plan your time. If you want to be a straight-A student, make sure to finish all your tasks before the

deadine (最后期限).

     ⑤ Take good notes and use them. The teacher will test you on what he or she emphasized (强调).

That's what you find in your notes.

     ⑥ Do more than you are asked. Part of learning is practicing. The more you practice, the better you

will learn.

1. From the passage, if a task should be completed next Wednesday, a straight-A student win complete

    it _____.

A. next Tuesday

B. next Thursday

C next Friday

D. next Saturday

2. Li Bing watches TV as soon as he gets home and often looks around for his ball pen when he does his homework. What kinds of learning ways above do you think he has to master?

A..①⑤

B. ②⑥

C. ①③

D. ④⑤

3. From the passage, you know a straight-A student has mastered the following learning ways except _____.

A. organizing well

B. planning his time

C. taking good notes and using them

D. testing himself

多项选择题