问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

一般资料:求助者,男性,17岁,高中二年级学生。案例介绍:有一次求助者上课迟到,着急跑向自己的座位,不小心被绊倒并摔到一位女同学的身上,顿时引起同学哄堂大笑,事后还有人取笑他。此后,每次到教室时就会紧张焦虑,觉得同学看不起他。常常会用力抓自己的头发,很痛苦。认为学校就像监狱一样,让人感到窒息,想上学但一点也学不进去,注意力不集中,记忆力下降,失眠,心慌,只好休学一年。今年开学,其父母带他去学校复课,但一进教室就恐惧异常,迅速逃走。在家里就没有类似的情况。求助者认为不应该害怕,但就是难以控制,内心十分痛苦,由其父母带来寻求帮助。心理咨询师观察了解到的情况:求助者从小被娇惯,家长对其期望值很高,特别关心他的学业,自尊心较强,特爱面子。进入高中后,由于学习环境、学习方法与以前相比有很大的变化,求助者觉得明显较以前吃力,虽然老师和同学也帮助其进行调整,但效果不明显,压力大,精神紧张。

在本案例中,如果测量结果与临床观察、会谈法的结论不一致,此时心理咨询师应()。

A.不可轻信任何一方

B.以临床观察为准

C.重新进行会谈测评

D.以测量结果为准

答案

参考答案:A, C

选择题
单项选择题

Work looks a better cure for poverty than welfare Especially as fewer and fewer countries will be able to afford to pay potential workers to stay at home a Victorian idea is back in favour: many poor people are better off when they are pulled back into the labour market. The idea revived first in the United States. There, in its harshest form, the unemployed work in exchange for welfare. But countries with governments to the left of America’s, including Labour Australia and Socialist France, are now also exploring ways to link income support and employment policy.

Coming from different directions, the right and the left are gradually finding new common ground. For the right, it seems deplorable to encourage the poor to rely on the state for cash, because they get hooked on government help and accustomed to being poor. For the left, it seems deplorable to allow workers to drop out of the job market for long periods, because it makes it harder for them to find new jobs. For both, the answer is to get the poor to work.

Most industrial countries have a two-tier system of social protection: a social-security scheme, where workers and their bosses make regular contributions in exchange for payments to workers when they are unemployed, sick or retired; and a safety-net, to give some income to those poor people who have exhausted their social insurance or who have none The former is usually not means-tested but, for the unemployed, is of limited duration; the latter is almost always tied to income The public tends to approve of contributory benefits, which is what designers of such schemes intended.

Safety-net benefits carry no such sense of entitlement, and are less popular. Yet they have grown more rapidly in large part because the 1980-82 recession increased the number of people of working age who had exhausted their right to contributory benefits. And an increasing proportion of the poor are people for whom the contributory systems were never designed: the young and lone mothers. In consequence, payments which carry a clear entitlement have become less significant, compared with those which appear to depend purely on state charity.

The rise in the bill for the unpopular kind of social protection comes at a time when governments want to curb state spending. It comes, too, at a time when many countries have done almost everything they can think of to protect the poor. A decade ago many on the left argued that poverty was usually caused by circumstances outside the control of the poor—a lack of jobs, disability, old age, racial discrimination, broken marriages. One way or another, governments have tried to tackle most of these problems. Still the poor remain.

A safety-net benefit system is one()

A. based on the recipient’s prior contributions

B. of limited duration

C. that depends on state charity

D. that pays according to the claimant’s social insurance