问题 单项选择题

双抗体夹心法微粒子化学发光免疫分析中,将抗原-磁珠抗体复合物与非特异性物质快速分离的机制为()

A.磁力的作用

B.电场力的作用

C.PEG的凝聚作用

D.洗涤

E.超速离心法

答案

参考答案:A

完形填空
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Trust is in rare supply these days. People are having trouble trusting each other, according to an AP-GFK poll conducted in November 2013, which found that Americans are suspicious of each other in their everyday life. Only one-third of Americans say most people can be trusted—down from half who felt that way in 1972. A record high of nearly two-thirds says “you can’t be too careful” in dealing with people in 2013.
This can be carried over into the workplace, where employees want their leaders to be more trustworthy. Employees have grown tired of unexpected outcomes resulting from the lack of preparation. They want to be informed of any change management efforts before—not after the fact. Employees desire to know what is expected of them and be given the opportunity to better themselves, rather than be told they are not qualified for new roles and responsibilities.
Here are four early warning signs for you to course-correct when employees are having trouble trusting their leaders.
Lack courage
Leaders that don’t stand up for what they believe in are difficult to respect and trust. Too many leaders waste too much of their valuable time trying to act like other leaders in the organization—rather than attempting to establish their own identity and leadership style. Employees know that if their leaders are not savvy (精明) enough to move themselves into a position of greater influence, it will make it much more difficult for them to get noticed and discovered as well. When leaders lack the courage to enable their full potential and that of others, it becomes a challenge to trust.
Self-centered
When a leader is only looking out for themselves and lacks any sense of commitment to the advancement of their employees—this shuts off employees quickly. Great leaders are great coaches and are always looking to help their employees grow. When leaders lack any real desire to coach or 'guide the career advancement of their employees—it becomes increasingly difficult for employees to trust them. But when leaders are too disruptive (指手画脚), their employees sense that they are in it for themselves and/or don’t trust the talent around them.
Reputation issues
When people begin to speak negatively about their leader, it makes it more difficult for others to trust their intentions. For example, look at what has happened to President Barack Obama since December 2009 when his approval rating was 69%. Four years later, Obama’s approval rating is at 43%. Many who have followed him for years are now having trouble trusting him.
Every leader must be aware that they are constantly being evaluated and thus they can never grow self-satisfied. When they do, this begins to negatively impact their reputation and the trust employees have in their leadership.
Inconsistent Behavior
People are more inclined to trust those who are consistent with their behavior. Isn’t it easy to begin questioning one’s judgment when they are inconsistent? When everyone but the leader is on board with a strategy—you begin to wonder if their intentions are to support the organization’s advancement or their own. Leaders need to refresh their leadership style before they lose the trust of their employees.
This is what today leaders must consider: how to lead in new ways that focus less on oneself, but more on the betterment of a healthier whole.
Trust between employees and their leaders
Problem
小题1: _________ has been declining among Americans in their daily life as well as in the workplace.
Employees’ hopes for leaders 小题2: _________ trust
● Employees want to be 小题3: _________ to get prepared for any change management efforts in advance.
● Employees desire to know their leaders’ expectations of them and want to get 小题4: _________ to better themselves.
Warnings for leaders to 小题5: _________ the breakdown of trust
● Don’t 小题6: _________ other leaders and stand up for what you believe in.
● Be 小题7: _________ to helping your employees grow.
● Never let 小题8: _________ negatively impact your reputation.
● Behave小题9: _________ or your judgment will be questioned.
Suggestion
For leaders, more focus on the betterment of a healthier whole should be taken into 小题10: _________.
综合题

阅读材料,回答问题

材料一 为了考查一位或许过分敏感的德国人所说的“每年都有几近荒诞不经的新颖事物出现”的这个“卓越不凡的国家”,而来访问乔治四世(1820年即位)治下的英国的外国人,发现自1821年第一艘轮船在多佛尔和加来之间开始航行以来,行旅往来已经舒适得多了。“即令遇到逆风,”只要风力不太强的话,渡海现在只需要三、四小时。…… ——《现代英国经济史》                           

请回答:

(1)列举“荒诞不经的新颖事物”2例。(2分)

(2)在“德国人”眼里,当时的英国是个“卓越不凡的国家”,请对上述现象出现的历史原因作出解释。(5分)

材料二 纺织工业、采矿工业和冶金工业的发展引起对改进过的运输工具的需要,这种运输工具可以运送大宗的煤和矿石。……1830年以后,公路和水路受到了铁路的挑战。……将蒸汽机安装在货车上,这方面的主要人物是采矿工程师乔治.斯蒂芬森,他首先利用一辆机车把数辆煤车从矿井拉到泰恩河。短短数年内,铁路支配了长途运输,能够以比在公路或运河上所可能有的更快的速度和更低廉的成本运送旅客和货物。到1838年,英国已拥有500哩铁路;到1870年,拥有15500哩铁路。——美·斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料三 1880年刘铭传奏请修建铁路,刘锡鸿等众多官员纷纷反对,理由是修建铁路“不可行者八,无利者八,有害者九”。如每造铁路“山川之神不安即旱涝之灾易招”;火车飞行,“路稍有不平,则或激轮而全车皆碎”;仿西洋造火车,借英法等国金钱,无由归还,“诸强邻遂相凌逼,几至亡国”。清政府认为“铁路断不宜开”的观点不无道理,遂搁置修路偈议。

材料四 19世纪末,列强竞相在中国投资建设铁路,如中东铁路,胶济铁路,广九铁路等;同时,列强激烈争夺庐汉、粤汉、津镇铁路的修筑权。

材料五 经过一段时间,工业化先在印度,然后在日本,最后在中国,都得到亚洲人和西方人的强劲推动,尽管这种推动在东南亚来得较迟。同技术进步至少同样重要的是引进了19世纪西方式商业和工业组织机构,如银行和合股公司,它们改变了亚洲的面貌并最终促进了殖民主义的覆灭。更重要的是亚洲人民族身份意识的觉醒,这使他们与殖民地征服者对立起来。过去的亚洲大帝国和其他国家,在文化和官僚政治结构上是与现代欧洲民族国家不同的,但亚洲人明智地看到,欧洲国家强大力量之源正是他们所缺乏的统一和干劲,而他们若想再次成为他们自己国家的主人,就必须具备这样的统一和干劲。——摘自罗兹·墨菲《亚洲史》(第四版)

请回答:

(3)依据材料二,分析1830年到1870年间英国铁路运输业获得飞速发展的原因。(3分)

(4)根据材料三和四,归纳影响近代中国铁路业缓慢发展的原因。(4分)如何理解材料五中“它们改变了亚洲的面貌并最终促进了殖民主义的覆灭” ?(6分)