A 68-year-old male client has been hospitalized repeatedly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During this latest admission, he has refused to participate in his self-care. Every time the nurse approaches him, the client states, "I just want to die. I’m no good to anyone anymore. " The nurse realizes that he’s experiencing（）
A. self-actualization.
B. confabulation.
C. reaction formation.
D. grief.
参考答案：D
解析：
The client with a chronic illness goes through a grieving process that is related to the loss of his previous level of function. Grief is commonly manifested as loss of motivation and refusal to perform functions of which the client is fully capable. Self-actualization is the process of fulfilling one’s potential. Confabulation is a behavioral reaction in which the client creates stories or invents answers to fill in memory gaps in an unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem. In reaction formation, the client uses behaviors that are the opposite of what he would like to do.