问题 综合题

(14分)[20世纪的战争与和平]阅读下列材料:

材料一:(签字国政府)深信完全战胜它们的敌国对于保卫生命、自由、独立和宗教自由并对于保全其本国和其他各国的 * * 和正义非常重要,同时,它们现在正对力图征服世界的野蛮和残暴的力量从事共同的斗争,兹宣告:

1.每一政府各自保证对与各该政府作战的三国同盟成员国及其附从者使用其全部资源,不论军事的或经济的。

2.每一政府各自保证与本宣言签字国政府合作,并不与敌人缔结单独停战协定或和约。

——《联合国家宣言》

材料二:在雅尔塔会议期间,罗斯福与斯大林单独会见时讨论了远东对日作战问题,达成一项秘密协议。协议规定,欧战结束后二至三个月内,苏联将参加对日作战,其条件是:“1.外蒙古的现状须予维持。2.由日本1904年背信弃义进攻所破坏的俄国以前权益须予恢复,即:甲、库页岛南部及邻近一些岛屿归还苏联;乙、大连商港须国际化,苏联在该港的优越权益须予恢复;丙、对担任通往大连之出路的中东铁路和南满铁路应设立一苏中合办的公司以共同经营之;经谅解,苏联的优越权益须予保证而中国须保持在满洲的全部主权。3.千岛群岛须交予苏联。”……罗斯福慨然承诺了苏联的条件。

请回答:

(1)材料一所阐述的基本观点是什么?根据材料一及所学内容,我们可以看出世界反法西斯战争胜利的根本原因是什么?(6分)

(2)根据以上材料及所学内容,评述美、苏在二战中就对日作战问题上的立场。(8分)

答案

(1)材料一的基本观点是签字国保证用自己的全部力量反对轴心国及其附庸;绝不同敌人单独媾和。世界反法西斯战争胜利的根本原因是世界反法西斯联盟的最终形成。(6分)

(2)在对日作战问题上,苏联于二战初期为避免两线作战同日本签订中立条约,雅尔塔会议上却以损害中国主权的条件换取对日作战。美国则在维护自身利益的前提下,先与中英发表《开罗宣言》,后与苏联秘密交易,两国的行为不仅违背了反法西斯联盟的宗旨,而且带有明显的大国强权的政治色彩。(8分)

本题考查的是学生提取材料中的有效信息并进行归纳总结、整合的能力。第(1)题“它们现在正对力图征服世界的野蛮和残暴的力量从事共同的斗争.......”能得出材料一的基本观点是签字国保证用自己的全部力量反对轴心国及其附庸;绝不同敌人单独媾和,根据所学知识可知世界反法西斯联盟能够胜利的原因在于世界反法西斯联盟的成立。第(2)题通过材料中“在雅尔塔会议期间,罗斯福与斯大林单独会见时讨论了远东对日作战问题,达成一项秘密协议”可知苏联与美国在对日作战的立场上一致对日,但是对日作战的一系列条件可知雅尔塔会议上却以损害中国主权的条件换取对日作战,以及根据所学知识可知美国先与中英发表《开罗宣言》,后与苏联秘密交易,两国的行为不仅违背了反法西斯联盟的宗旨,而且带有明显的大国强权的政治色彩。

多项选择题 案例分析题
单项选择题

(一)


The Man of Many Secrets—Harry Houdini—was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater next century. He was a man famous for his escapes—from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his "magic" tricks.
Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in club in New York. They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898. Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch.
It was the publicity that came from this that started Harry Houdini’s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck—and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.

It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous ______.

A.in 1894

B.before he married

C.at the age of 17

D.when he was about 24