A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection. Which of the following is the most effective way for the nurse to reduce the child’s risk of infection<（）
A. Implementing reverse isolation.
B. Maintaining standard precautions.
C. Requiring staff and visitors to wear masks.
D. Practicing thorough hand washing.
参考答案：D
解析：
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its treatment cause immunosuppression. Thorough hand washing is the single most effective way to prevent infection in an immunosuppressed cIient. Reverse isolation doesn’t significantly reduce the incidence of infection in immunosuppressed clients; furthermore, isolation may cause psychological stress. Standard precautions are intended mainly to protect caregivers from contact with infectious matter, not to reduce the client’s risk of infection. Staff and others need not wear masks when visiting because most infections are transmitted by direct contact. Instead of relying on masks and other barrier methods, the nurse should keep persons with known infections out of the client’s room.