问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一  对于日本真正战败的原因,当事者和历史学家意见不一。负责进行(一般性

空中)战略轰炸的人断言,即使没有原子弹,日本在1945年底也会完全被摧毁。尼木

兹海军上将始终认为,美国海军的绝对优势使胜利得以实现,而且只要有海军的优势就

足以获胜。苏联的观点出人意料地得到负责中国境内的空中作战的陈纳德 * * 的支持。

他认为红军参战是决定性因素,即使没有原子弹也会是这样。看来是所有这些因素,综

合在一起,才把日本一步步引向失败,然后又使失败突然到来,但是有两个不变和压倒

一切的因素早已注定了日本的命运:首先是日本经济上的弱点——它的经济潜力只有美

国的15%,……但是美国——这是第二个决定性的因素——出色地动员和发挥了自己

的力量。

——摘自米歇尔《第二次世界大战》(下册)

材料二  我们所想到的是日本人以武士道的精神,拼命抵抗,到死方休。……要一个

人一个人地消灭日本人的抵抗,一寸土地一寸土地地征服那个国家,很可能要丧失100

万美国人和50万英国人的性命。

——摘自丘吉尔《第二次世界大战回忆录》

材料三 (1945年)8月6日,美国将第一颗原子弹投到日本海军基地——广岛。事后

日本人调查该市死伤人数,死者计6万人,伤10余万人。而伤者也大多无法治疗。

——摘自《日本拒绝乞降受降目击纪》

请回答:

(1)在关于日本战败的原因分析方面,有哪些主要的观点?(5分)

(2)如何评价原子弹在对日战争中的作用?(2分)

(3)你对日本人民遭受原子弹轰炸的悲剧如何认识?(2分)

(4)西方人士在分析日本战败原因方面是否客观公正?为什么?(3分)

答案

(1)战略轰炸的打击,优势的海军;综合因素——日本经济潜力小,美国的决定作

用;苏联军队参战。(5分)

(2)减少了美英等盟国人力物力的损失,加速了大战的进程。(2分)

(3)这是日本军国主义造成的恶果,大量无辜平民成为战争的牺牲品。(2分)

(4)否。没有提到中国人民长期坚持抗战,没有提到反法西斯同盟的作用(3分)

本题考查了日本投降的相关因素并分析了日本战败的原因。

第(1)问考查学生阅读史料概括有效信息的能力;

第(2)问考查了在日本投降过程中原子弹的作用;

第(3)问是对战争的反思;

第(4)问是对日本战败原因的全面分析。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the

20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary, drawn like so many

others by the "Great American Dream." However, he experienced severe financial hardship when

his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.

     Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system,

with its aggressive (有进取心的) way of doing business and its insistence on money and social

status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into

trouble with his worth. Willy is "burnt out" and in the cruel world of business there is no room for

sentiment (多愁善感): if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner

Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his

lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.

     When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won

the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize

for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.

     Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February

10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.

1. Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA?

A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.

B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream".

C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.

D. His family business failed.

2. The play Death of a Salesman_________________.

A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world

B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company

C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller

D. focuses on the skills in doing business

3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?

A. He treats his employer badly.          

B. He runs the Wagner Company.

C. He is a victim of the American system.

D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.

4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman_____________.

A. achieved huge success            

B. won the first Tony Award

C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen  

D. was severely attacked by dramatists

5. What is the text mainly about?

A. Arthur Miller and his family.            

B. The awards Arthur Miller won.

C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced  

D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.

单项选择题