问题 问答题

承包商B在某高层住宅楼的现浇楼板施工中,拟采用钢木组合模板体系或小钢模体系施工。经有关专家讨论,决定从模板总摊销费用(F1)、楼板浇筑质量(F2)、模板人工费 (F3)、模板周转时间(F4)、模板装拆便利性(F5)等五个技术经济指标对两个方案进行评价,并采用0-1评分法对各技术经济指标的重要程度进行评分,其部分结果见表4-15,两方案各技术经济指标的得分见表4-16。

表4-15 0-1评分表

表4-16 技术经济指标得分表 (分)

经造价工程师估算,钢木组合模板在该工程的总摊销费用为40万元,每平方米楼板的模板人工费为8.5元;小钢模在该工程的总摊销费用为50万元,每平方米楼板的模板人工费为5.5元。该住宅楼的楼板工程量为2.5万m2

[问题] 1.试确定各技术经济指标的权重(计算结果保留三位小数)。

2.若以楼板工程的单方模板费用作为成本对象,试用价值指数法选择较经济的模板体系 (功能指数、成本指数、价值指数的计算结果均保留两位小数)。

3.若该承包商准备参加另一幢高层办公楼的投标,为提高竞争能力,公司决定模板总摊销费用仍按本住宅楼考虑,其他有关条件均不变。该办公楼的现浇楼板工程量至少要达到多少平方米才能应用小钢模体系(计算结果保留两位小数)

答案

参考答案:

1.根据0-1评分法的计分办法,两指标(或功能)相比较时,较重要的指标得1分,另一较不重要的指标得。分。例如,在表4-15中,F1相对于F2较不重要,故得分0分(已给出),而F2相对于F1较重要,故应得1分(未给出)。各技术经济指标得分和权重的计算结果见表4-17。

表4-17 技术经济指标得分和权重计算表

2.按价值指数法计算如下:

(1)计算方案的功能指数,结果见表4-18。

表4-18 功能指数计算表

(2)计算两方案的成本指数:

钢木组合模板的单方模板费用为:40÷2.5+8.5=24.5(元/m2)。

小钢模的单方模板费用为:50÷2.5+5.5=25.5(元/m2)。

钢木组合模板的成本指数为:24.5÷(24.5+25.5)=0.49。

小钢模的成本指数为:25.5÷(24.5+25.5)=0.510

(3)计算两方案的价值指数:

钢木组合模板的价值指数为:0.51÷0.49=1.04。

小钢模的价值指数为:0.49÷0.51=0.96。

因为钢木组合模板的价值指数高于小钢模的价值指数,故应选用钢木组合模板体系。

3.单方模板费用函数为: C=C1/Q+C2

式中 C——单方模板费用(元/m2);

C1——模板总摊销费用(万元);

C2——每平方米楼板的模板人工费(元/m2);

Q——现浇楼板工程量(万m2)。

钢木组合模板的单方模板费用为:C=40/Q+8.5

小钢模的单方模板费用为:Cx=50/Q+5.5

令该两模板体系的单方模板费用之比(即成本指数之比)等于其功能指数之比,有:

(40/Q+8.5)/(50/Q+5.5)=0.51/0.49

51×(50+5.5Q)-49×(40+8.5Q)=0

所以,Q=4.32(万m2)

因此,该办公楼的现浇楼板工程量至少达到4.32万m2才能应用小钢模体系。

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The phenomenon is becoming more and more popular that human beings have developed a closely relationship with the most dangerous of animals-Kevin Richardson treats lions like kitty cats,Andre Hartman has a special bond with Great White Sharks and now there is 79­year old Werner Freund who has spent the last 40 years of his life in the company of wolves.

While details about how and why the former paratrooper(伞兵) became attached to these beautiful wild animals are a little summary,he has been tending them in his 25­acre Wolvespark located in the German province of Saarland,since 1972.While he currently has a group of 29,over the years he has raised almost 70 wolves belonging to all breeds(种属) ranging from Siberian to Arctic,Canadian,European and even,Mongolian.The wolves treat Werner as if he were one of their own.They nuzzle(依偎) against him,play with him and are generally sheeplike when he is around,just like they would be around a head wolf!

This,however,is not accidental-It is a position that Werner works on establishing and maintaining with a simple act,every single day-Whenever it's feeding time,he calls his wolves to come for the raw meat by howling.As the hungry animals rush to get their food,they are always met with this scene-Werner sinking his teeth into the raw meat first.While this may sound a little rude,that is how the position of hierarchy(等级) is established in the animal world.It is always the leader male that gets the first meal and only when he signals,can the rest join in.Werner's wolves know this rule quite well and never challenge his authority.

While wolves,the largest member of the dog family,are believed to be dangerous,they rarely attack humans.Werner says that in reality,they are beautiful gentle souls,whose reputation has been tarnished,by fairy tales like Red Riding Hood!

小题1:We can know________from the first paragraph.

A.all lions like Kevin Richardson

B.Great White Sharks are dangerous animals

C.only some specialists can live animals together

D.Werner Freund accompanies wolves day and night小题2:What's the best title of the passage?

A.Human beings can get along well with animals

B.Werner Freund and his famous Wolvespark

C.Werner Freund treats his wolves like friends

D.Ex­paratrooper shares special bond with wolves小题3:We can infer that the wolves treat Werner Freund________.

A.peacefully

B.respectfully

C.fearfully

D.fondly小题4:When Werner Freund feeds his wolves,________.

A.he whistles loudly

B.he bites the meat firstly

C.wolves challenge his authority

D.wolves eat all their foods.

单项选择题