问题 计算题

(16分)如图所示,水平传送带上A、B两端点间距L=4m,半径R=1m的光滑半圆形轨道固定于竖直平面内,下端与传送带B相切。传送带以v0=4m/s的速度沿图示方向匀速运动,质量m=1kg的小滑块由静止放到传送带的A端,经一段时间运动到B端,滑块与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ=0.5,取g=10m/s2

⑴求滑块到达B端的速度;

⑵求滑块由A运动到B的过程中,滑块与传送带间摩擦产生的热量;

⑶仅改变传送带的速度,其他条件不变,计算说明滑块能否通过圆轨道最高点C。

答案

⑴v=4m/s;⑵Q=8J;⑶不能

题目分析:⑴滑块开始时在传送带上先向右做加速运动,若传送带足够长,设当滑块速度v=v0时已运动距离为x,根据动能定理有:μmgx=-0

解得:x=1.6m<L, 所以滑块将以速度v=v0=4m/s做匀速运动至B端

⑵设滑块与传送带发生相对运动的时间为t,则:v0=μgt

皮带通过的位移为:x′=v0t

滑块与传送带之间相对滑动的距离为:Δx=x′-x

滑块与传送带之间产生的热量为:Q=μmgΔx

联立以上各式解得:Q=8J

⑶设滑块通过最高点C的最小速度为vC,经过C点时,根据向心力公式和牛顿第二定律有:mg=

在滑块从B运动到C的过程中,根据动能定理有:-2mgR=

解得要使滑块能通过圆轨道最高点C时经过B的速度最小为:vBm/s

若仅改变传送带的速度,其他条件不变,使得滑块一直做匀加速直线运动至B的速度为最大速度,设为vm,根据动能定理有:μmgL=-0

解得:vmm/s<vBm/s,所以仅改变传送带的速度,滑块不能通过圆轨道最高点

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完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上(请注意每题的词数要求)。

Jack London was born in San Francisco in 1876.He was abandoned by his father,“Professor” William Henry Chaney,a fortune telling person,and raised in Oakland by his mother Flora Wellman,a music teacher.London’s stepfather,John London,whose surname he took,was a failed storekeeper. London’ youth marked by poverty. At the age of the he became a crazy reader, and borrowed books from the Oakland Public Library, where Ina Coolbirth told him to read the works of Flaubert, Tolstoy and other major novelists.

After leaving school at the age of 14,London worked as a seaman,rode in trains as a wanderer and adopted socialistic views as a member of the protest armies of the unemployed.In 1894 he was arrested in Niagara Fails and put into prison for wandering.These years made him determined to raise himself out of poverty but they also gave later materials for such works as The Sea Wolf(1 904),which partly came from his horrible experiences as a sailor in the Pacific Ocean.

Without having much formal education,London spent much time in public libraries reading fiction,philosophy,poetry,political science,and at the age of 19 got admittance to the University of California in Berkeley.During this period he had already started to write.London left the school before the year was over and went to seek his fortune in the Klondike gold rush of 1 89 7.His attempt was unsuccessful.London spent the winter near Dawson City,suffering from illness.In the spring he returned to San Francisco with his notebook full of plans for stories.For the remainder of 1 89 8 London again tried to earn his living by writing.London’s first novel,The Son of the Wolf,appeared’in 1900.By 1904 Jack London was the author of 10 books.The Son of the Wolf got a wide audience as did his other Alaska stories,The Call of the Wild(1903),White Fang(1906),and Burning Daylight(1910).Jack London died on November 22,1916.

小题1:What did Ina Coolbirth tell London in the Oakland Public Library?(Within 15 words)

小题2:Why were London's horrible experiences as a sailor good for him?(Within 12 words)

小题3:What was wrong with London near Dawson City?(Within 5 words)

小题4:What is London’s first novel?(Within 5 words)

小题5:How is the text developed?(Within 5 words)