问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

损害控制外科的适应证中,下列错误的是()。

A.严重的腹部贯通伤或闭合性腹部伤,血流动力学不稳定者

B.多部位、多脏器损伤合并大血管损伤,用常规方法难以控制的出血

C.ISS评分≤16分者

D.生理指标:严重的代谢性酸中毒,pH<7.30,血乳酸>5mmol/L,BE<-15

E.体温<35.5℃,凝血功能障碍,PT>19秒,PTT>60秒

答案

参考答案:C

解析:ISS是损伤严重度评分(injuryseverityscore,ISS)的英文缩写,对多发伤采用ISS评分。ISS将人体分为6个损伤区域:①头、颈部(包括脑或颈椎损伤、颅骨或颈椎骨折);②面部(包括口、耳、眼、鼻和颌面骨骼);③胸部(包括胸腔所有脏器以及膈肌、肋骨架和胸椎损伤);④腹部、盆腔(包括腹腔、盆腔所有脏器及腰椎损伤);⑤四肢、骨盆(包括扭伤、骨折、脱位和断肢);⑥体表(包括体表任何部位的裂伤、挫伤、擦伤和烧伤)。在计算时只将全身6个分区中损伤最严重的3个分区中各取一个最高AIS值求各自平方之和即为ISS值。ISS的分值范围为1~75分,ISS≥16分者为严重多发伤,这为多发伤的严重程度提供了量化标准。因此,本题应选C。

解答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In America, drivers' education is part of the regular high school curriculum (课程). Every student in his

or her second year of high school is required to take a class in driver's education. However, unlike other

courses, it is not given during the regular school year. Instead it is a summer course.

     The course is divided up into two parts: class time for learning laws and regulations, and driving time to

practise driving. Class time is not unlike any other class. The students study the basic traffic laws from a text

to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone who wants to get a driver's license.

     Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the wheel (steering wheel) and practise starting

steering, backing up, parking, switching lanes, turning corners, and all the other maneuvers (操作) required

to drive a car. Each student is required to drive a total of six hours. The students are divided up into groups

of four. The students and the instructor go out driving for two hour blocks of time. Thus, each student gets

half an hour driving time per outing. The instructor and "driver" sit in the front seats and the other three

students sit in the back.

     After the student has passed the driver's education course and reached the appropriate age to drive (this

age differs in every state but in most cases the person must be 16 years old), they can go to a designated (指

定的) state office to take their driver's test, which is made up of an eye examination, a written test, and a

road test. The person must pass all three tests in order to be given a driver's license. If the person did well in

his or her driver's education class, he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a driver's license.

1. In America, the driver's course mentioned above _____. [ ]

A. is considered as part of the advanced education

B. is given to anyone wanting to get a driver's license

C. is carried on at the same time as other courses

D. is offered to all the students of Grade 2 in high schools

2. We can infer that the students are required to _____ in their whole driving practice. [ ]

A. spend at least six hours driving

B. get half an hour driving

C. drive for two hour blocks of time

D. go out driving for twelve times

3. Which of the following is Not True for the students wanting to get their driver's license?[ ]

A. They must have their eyes examined.

B. They must be 16 years of age.

C. They should go to have their driver's test.

D. They ought to do well in their driver's course.

4. In the last sentence, "with flying colors" means _____.[ ]

A. happily

B. quickly

C. colorfully

D. successfully