问题 问答题

MS的诊断标准有哪些

答案

参考答案:MS的诊断标准可参见下表。

McDonald诊断标准
临床发作次数 临床显示的病灶 附加证据
2次或以上发作a 2个或以上 不需附加证据b
2次或以上发作a 1个 有证据支持空间上的多发性,具备以
下一项:
①MRI显示病灶在空间上多发性c
②2个或以上MRI病灶(符合MS的特
征)及1个CSF指标阳性d
③累及不同部位的再次发作
1次发作a 2个或以上 有证据支持时间上的多发性,具备以下
一项:
①MRI显示病灶在时间上多发e
②第2次临床发作
1次发作a(临床
孤立综合征)
1个病灶 同时具备1和2
1.有证据支持空间上的多发性,具备
以下一项:
①MRI显示病灶在空间上多发性c
②2个或以上MRI病灶(符合MS的特
征)及1个CSF指标阳性d
2.同时有证据支持时间上的多发性,
具备以下一项:
①MRI显示病灶在时间上多发性e
②第2次临床发作
发病后病情持续
进展一提示原
发进展型MS
1个或以上 需同时具备1和2
1.病情持续进展一年或以上(回顾性
或前瞻性证实)
2.具备以下3项中的2项:
①脑MRI异常(T2WI示9个或以上大
脑病灶或4~8个大脑病灶加VEP
异常)
②脊髓MRI异常(T2WI示2个或以上
脊髓病灶)
③CSF异常(CSF寡克隆带阳性和
(或)IgG指数增高)
注:如果患者的临床和辅助检查符合规定的标准,同时排除其他可以解释患者病变的疾病,诊断MS;如临床考虑MS,但是不完全符合规定的标准,诊断为可能的MS(possible MS);如果疾病的诊治过程中出现其他更符合患者的疾病,则不诊断MS。
a.指由于炎性脱髓鞘导致的神经系统损害,症状至少持续24小时(根据主观的报告或客观的观察判断,主观的报告需要有客观的检查证据支持)。
b.不需要其他检查证据,但是如果进行其他检查(如MRI、CSF等),而检查结果阴性,应考虑其他诊断,不能确诊为MS。
c.MRI空间多发性包括以下任意3项:①1个Gd强化病灶或9个长T2信号病灶;②至少1个幕下病灶;③至少1个近皮质病灶;④至少3个室旁病灶。(1个脊髓病灶相当于1个大脑幕下病灶,1个增强的脊髓病灶相当于1个增强的大脑病灶,可以把脊髓病灶和大脑病灶相加)。
d.CSF异常:CSF寡克隆带阳性和(或)IgG指数增高。
e.MRI时间多发性:以下任意1项①首次发病至少3个月后,MRI检查显示Gd强化病灶(此病灶与初始病灶非同一病灶);②与初次发病至少30日后所行MRI影像比较,出现新的T2高信号病灶。

填空题

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判断题