问题 问答题 简答题

简述产生泥包的原因

答案

参考答案:

1、钻遇松软而粘结性很强的泥岩时,岩层的水化力极强,切削物不成碎屑,而成泥团,并牢牢地粘附在钻头或扶正器周围。

2、钻井液循环排量太小,不足以把岩屑携离井底。如果这些钻屑是水化力较强的泥岩,在重复破碎的过程中,颗粒越变越细,吸水面积越变越大,最后水化而成泥团,粘附在钻头表面或锒嵌在牙齿间隙中。

3、钻井液性能不好,粘度太大,滤失量太高,固相含量过大,在井壁上结成了松软的厚泥饼,在起钻过程中被扶正器或钻头刮削,越集越多,最后把扶正器或钻头周围之间隙堵塞。

4、钻具有剌漏现象,部分钻井液短路循环,到达钻头的液量越来越少,钻屑带不上来,只好粘附在钻头上。

单项选择题
完形填空

Sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help them find their food.   小题1: 

Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs.   小题2:  Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.

 小题3: .They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in the ocean do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.

People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased greatly because many parts of a shark are valuable.  小题4: . Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.

Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth.   小题5:  If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of shark may never return to normal population levels

A.The others give birth to live young.

B.Sharks are important for the health of the world's oceans.

C.This is a threat to other form of life in the ocean.

D.Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.E. Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.

F. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.

G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean