问题 问答题

急性播散性脑脊髓炎的临床特点有哪些

答案

参考答案:(1)起病及病情特点:好发于儿童和青壮年,常在感染或疫苗接种后1~2周急性起病,多为散发。
(2)常见症状、体征:临床表现多样,依病变部位可分为:①脑炎型,以头痛、发热及意识模糊为首发症状,严重者迅速昏迷和去皮质强直发作,可有痫性发作;②脑膜炎型,出现脑膜受累症状如头痛、呕吐和脑膜刺激征等,CSF可见脑膜炎改变;③脊髓炎型,表现为截瘫或四肢瘫,传导束型感觉障碍,损害平面以下自主神经功能障碍,少数出现上升性麻痹。临床常累及多处,上述症状可混合出现。
(3)其他症状和体征:部分患者可见视神经、脑干或小脑受累的症状体征。锥体外系受累可出现震颤、舞蹈样动作等。
(4)急性坏死性出血性脑脊髓炎(acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis,AHLE):又称为急性出血性白质脑炎,认为是ADEM暴发型。起病急骤,病情凶险,病死率高。患者多表现为高热、意识模糊或昏迷进行性加深、烦躁不安、痫性发作、偏瘫或四肢瘫。辅助检查可见CSF压力增高、细胞数增多,EEG弥漫慢活动,头颅CT见大脑、脑干和小脑白质不规则低密度区。

完形填空
任务型阅读(共6小题;每小题1分,满分6分)
请认真阅读下面短文,在短文后表格中的空白处填上适当的单词。(每空不止一个单词)
Have you ever studied abroad? Maybe it is an amazing experience, especially when you come to Australia as an foreign high school student. You can have a lot of fun there, especially on holidays.
There are many festivals in Australia. The most important one is Christmas. Each year, the summer holidays at every high school last about two months from the beginning of December to February, which covers the Christmas time. Since it is a long holiday, most foreign students in Australia students still stay in Australia during the holiday to get part-time jobs. It is quite easy to find a part-time job at Christmas. Students often take part in another major social activity. They go to the beach to have fun in the sunshine. The summer in Australia is from December to February, so going to the beach in December is very popular among Australians.
Easter in March is another important holiday in the year. It actually combines “Good Friday” and “Easter Monday”. Almost every shop closes on Good Friday. And people usually go to see Easter Show.
The Chinese New Year is not a public holiday in Australia, so every Chinese student still has to go to school to study and do his or her normal duties.
Information about Australia
小题1: _______________ holidays
From the 小题2:__________ of December to February
The most popular activity in December
小题3:______________
Two important holidays
Christmas and 小题4: ________________
The thing people usually do on Good Friday
Go to 小题5: _____________ Easter show
What to do for a few foreign students in summer
小题6: ____________ to the beach to enjoy the sunshine
 
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