问题 多项选择题

尿毒症患者易发生的水、电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡包括

A.低钙血症与高磷血症

B.脱水或水肿

C.高血钾

D.低血钾

E.酸中毒

答案

参考答案:A,B,C,D,E

解析:尿毒症患者因肾小管浓缩功能差而致多尿、夜尿多,又常有厌食、呕吐,易引起脱水,另一方面肾脏排水能力差,引起水、钠潴留,出现水肿,容易脱水和水肿是尿毒症常见的特点;由于利尿、呕吐、腹泻、摄入不足可出现低血钾,终末期患者常发生高血钾,主要因进食水果、肉类多,尿量少及使用保钾利尿药造成;因肾脏对酸碱平衡的调节能力下降,使酸性代谢产物在体内潴留,引起代谢性酸中毒;慢性肾衰时,尿磷排除减少,血磷升高,为维持钙、磷乘积,血钙下降,导致低钙血症和高磷血症。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    One day an old lady saw a mouse running across her kitchen floor. She was very afraid

of it. So she ran out of the house, got into a bus and went down to a shop. There she

bought a mouse-trap (捕鼠机). The shopkeeper said to her, "Put some cheese (奶酪) in it,

and you will soon catch that mouse." The lady went home with her mouse-trap. But when she

looked into her fridge, she couldn't find any cheese in it. She didn't want to go back to

the shop, because it was too late. So she cut a picture of some cheese out of a magazine

and put that into the trap.

    To her surprise, when the lady came down to the kitchen the next morning, there was

a picture of a mouse in the trap.

1. The lady went to the shop to _____. [ ]

A. buy some cheese

B. see the shopkeeper

C. catch the mouse

D. get a mouse-trap

2. The shopkeeper _____. [ ]

A. was not friendly to the lady

B. told the lady how to use the trap

C. tried his best to catch the mouse

D. put some cheese into the trap

3. The lady didn't go back to the shop because _____. [ ]

A. it was too late

B. she could cut a picture of cheese out of the magazine

C. maybe the shop was closed

D. the mouse was not in the kitchen

4. Which of the following is not true? [ ]

A. The lady was very afraid of a mouse.

B. The mouse was in the trap the next morning.

C. The lady was surprised to find what was in the trap the next day.

D. The mouse was not in the trap the next morning.

5. Who put the picture in the trap? [ ]

A. The lady

B. The shopkeeper

C. We don't know

D. The lady's husband

多项选择题