问题 问答题 简答题

按施工方法,钢筋混凝土桩可分为哪两大类?其相应的特点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

可分为:预制柱和灌注桩两大类。特点:预制桩:混凝土预制桩的截面形状、尺寸和桩长可在一定范围内选择,桩尖可达坚黏性土或强度风化基岩,具有承载力高、耐久性好,且质量较易保证等优点,但其自重较大,需大能量的沉桩设备,并且由于桩端持力层起伏不平而导致桩长不一,施工中往往需要接长或截短,工艺比较复杂;钢桩的穿透能力强,自重轻、锤击沉桩效果好,承载力高,无论起吊、运输或是沉桩、接桩都很方便,缺点是耗钢量大、成本高、易锈蚀;木桩制作简单,运输方便,打桩设备简单,在淡水中耐久性好,但在海水及干湿交替的环境中极易腐蚀。灌注桩:锤击式沉管灌注桩设备简单、打桩进度快、成本低,但在软、硬土层交界处或软弱土层中易发生缩颈现象,施工中也可能由于邻桩挤压或振动作用等引起断桩或出现局部夹土、混凝土离析及强度不足等质量事故;内击式沉管灌注桩优点是混凝土密实且与土层紧密接触,同时桩头扩大,承载力较高,效果较好,但穿越厚砂层的能力较低,打入深度难以掌握;钻孔灌注桩入土深、能进入岩层,刚度大,承载力高,桩身变形小,并可方便地进行水下施工;挖孔桩可直接观察底层情况,孔底易清除干净,设备简单,噪声小,场区内各桩可同时施工,且桩径大、适用性强,比较经济,但由于挖空时可能存在塌方,缺氧、有害气体、触电等危险,易造成安全事故。

阅读理解

How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.

People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.

Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.

In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”

Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量),not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too.

小题1:The writer begins with the four questions in order to______.

A.make a survey

B.interest readers

C.tell a story

D.solve math problems小题2:What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China?

A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.

B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.

C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting

D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.小题3:Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians?

A.They have only a few words for numbers

B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers

C.They can only count to five on their fingers

D.They can understand different ideas about numbers小题4:The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____

A.people all over the world know how to count

B.People of the tribe have words for number

C.Some groups of people are not smart enough to count

D.Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?

A.people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math

B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans

C.In some aboriginal culture,people don’t even know how to count

D.Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers.

单项选择题