问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

远去的岁月

余志权

  我是个已习惯朝后看的人

  这种习惯大概与人的年纪有关。人一过了中年,就发觉后面的路要比前面的路长了,且越来越长。而前面的路会越来越短,冥冥之中,短得屈指可数。我不认为前途路漫漫,漫漫的是人身后的路,一眼已望不到头的路。

  人生是一条不归之路。

  人从一出生就开始踏上了。人走过青少年、中年,再到老年。没有一个人可以回头,可以跨越。这就是上天的公正。

  我爱独自一人,或散步围着穿紫河绕圈子,或坐在办公桌前,摆上一本书,让书看我。过去那些浸润着得与失、爱与恨的岁月,我总是不厌其烦地一遍一遍地翻阅,很像一种自我安慰。小时候,经常看到隔壁的老人搬一把木椅子,靠在墙边上眯着一双眼睛晒太阳,一坐就是半天。人不到那一截就不知道那一截的事。现在我才明白,我已跟他们一样了,只是向后看的方式不一样。有了这种习惯,人一切都会顺从习惯。我已非常尊重自己这一点。我看报纸习惯从四版看起;读书也习惯从后面的文章读起;出差有空闲,对历史情有独钟。

  那些文物,那些遗址,默默诉说着历史的真相,它们没有伪装,没有粉饰,位于浮华之外,引领后人走进历史深处,去倾听那远去的岁月的回声。

  那日,我们有幸来到三星堆,见识了巧夺天工、神奇怪异的稀世珍宝,领略了这个曾是古代东方文明中心的风采。三星堆作为长江上游古代文明的杰出代表,它的发现将古蜀国的历史推前到五千年前,它使我们不得不重新认识中国的社会发展史、冶金史、畜牧农耕史、艺术史、军事史和宗教史,改变了许多约定俗成的概念。比如中国的青铜时代,过去一向从商代算起,也就是三千多年,然而三星堆千多件的青铜文物,其数量和质量都说明,早在夏代前七百年,就已进入了高度发达的青铜时代。然而,就是这样一个有着鲜明地域特色的文明古国,却在商代前两千多年前就突然地消失了。历史再一次衔接上时,中间已多出了两千多年的空白。

  离开三星堆博物馆后,那些铸造精美、形态各异、造型夸张的青铜像以及金杖和神树,一直在我脑海里挥之不去。我总是疑问这样一个繁荣昌盛的文明古国为什么会消失呢?

  从三星堆遗址考古的发现证明,古蜀国的文化与文明的突然毁灭可以排除是自然灾难。那古蜀国消失在历史长河的真正原因就应该只能是人类自身的不良行为了。

  人类自直立行走脱离动物,由茹毛饮血而发展到光电化之今日,其前行的脚步一直没有停止。可是,人类虽然脱离了动物界,却怎么也脱离不了兽性,反而由于直立行走使人的兽性得到了膨胀。在大自然界,人类唯我独尊。人类对他类的残忍,对同类的残酷,一天都没有停止过。每天都有动植物的灭绝以及文化与文明的毁灭,这是不是在昭示我们人类社会的未来命运?

  人类的未来必然是光明的。我总觉得这种乐观过于肤浅。对于人类的未来,我们已没有理由不担忧,已没有理由不怀疑,已没有理由不保持清醒的忧患意识。实际上,我们今天所面临的所有重大而严峻的问题,如资源匮乏、环境污染、战争、饥饿乃至贪污腐败等,都是源于人类自身的不义与贪婪。

  从三星堆一路走来,我们除了惊叹古人创造的灿烂文明,却没有为之骄傲和自豪之情。古人创造了灿烂的文明,却没有智慧将其延续,毁灭与消亡成了它们的宿命。

  这应该是古蜀国王们始料不及的。他们也许不会想到终有一天会改朝换代,更不可能料到灿烂的文化与文明会随葬他们开创的王朝,并与之一同消亡。尽管我们现在很现代,现代到上可九天揽月,下可克隆生命。可我们在面对人类自身的不义与贪婪时,总是显得那么无奈。人类是不是正走在一条不归路上?

  离开三星堆的那天,带着寒气的秋风夹着细雨,气温骤然下降,冷冷的。青铜像泛着冷光,似乎昭示我们人类即将走进冬天。(《芙蓉》2008年第6期,有删改)

1.为什么“我是个已习惯朝后看的人”?请结合全文概括回答。

答:_________________________________________________

2.文章写到三星堆见识了巧夺天工、神奇怪异的稀世珍宝,领略了这个曾是古代东方文明中心的风采。请结合全文回答写三星堆遗址有什么作用。

答:_________________________________________________

3.简要说明第3段“人生是一条不归之路”与第15段“人类是不是正走在一条不归路上?”之间的联系。

答:_________________________________________________

4.请赏析最后一段画线句子在文中的表达效果。

答:_________________________________________________

答案

1.①人过中年,身后的路越来越长,前面的路越来越短。②朝后看,能看到没有伪装、没有粉饰的历史真相;③朝后看,更有利于反思过去岁月中的得与失、爱与恨;朝后看,更有利于以清醒的头脑谋划未来。(意对即可)

2.①承上启下,引发作者对文明古国消失原因的思考;②进而反省人类自身的不良行为、不义与贪婪;③同时警示人们保持清醒的忧患意识,停止对他类对同类的残忍、残酷行为,用智慧保护古人创造的灿烂文明并将其延续。(意对即可)

3.这两部分遥相呼应,两相对照,体现了作者对两者的深刻认识:因为人的生命规律决定了人生是一条不归路,人从一出生就只能往前走,不可以回头走;因为人类自身的不义与贪婪决定了人类正在走一条不归路,人类创造的灿烂文化与文明也会随着人类的兽性行为而毁灭消亡,人类面临的生存环境将会愈来愈严酷。(意对即可)

4.以秋风秋雨的景物描写渲染了阴冷的气氛;以比喻(双关)的手法,形象生动地表明人类即将走入危机时代;以青铜像的描写收束全文,委婉含蓄地表达了作者对人类未来的忧思,深化意蕴,余味无穷。(意对即可)

单项选择题
阅读理解

One Saturday afternoon in February, 1943, a farmer in Mexico stopped working for a moment and looked across his fields of corn. Suddenly he saw a thin line of white smoke curling up out of his field, about 200 feet from where he stood. As he went toward the smoke to see what it was, he heard a strange noise. The line of smoke became bigger. It looked as if some great force were pushing it up into the sky.

The farmer rushed home to get his wife. While he was urging his wife to hurry from the house, the earth shook violently. When he stood up after the earth stopped shaking, he looked across the field and saw that great flames were rising from his cornfield. A volcano was being born!

They hurried across the shaking earth to the village of Particutin, which was toward their farm. They found the village was seriously destroyed and the road from the village was filled with frightened people hurrying to safety.

Particutin did not become dark that night. The volcano lighted up the sky for miles around. Flames rushed out of the ground. The volcano threw hot stones a thousand feet through the air. Great explosion shook the earth and heavy black ashes fell from the sky, covering the roofs in Mexico city, 180 miles away.

But that was not all. On the third evening a float of lava(火山岩)began to boil up from the centre of the volcano. It came over the edge in a heavy flow, 2,000 feet wide, and travelled slowly across the valley, bringing certain death to everything that could not move from its path.

小题1:.

. From the passage we can conclude EXCEPT that         .

A.the volcano threw out a lot of ashes and hot stones

B.the volcano lasted several days

C.many people had to escape from the village

D.it caused many deaths and great loss小题2:.

. You can find the passage in a         .

A.newspaper

B.government report

C.leaflet for travellers

D.handbook小题3:.

. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.At the beginning the farmer heard a strange cry.

B.The farmer was working in the field when the disaster happened.

C.The farmer’s wife was working in the field at that moment.

D.The village was badly damaged.小题4:.

What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.The damage of a volcano.

B.A terrible volcano.

C.An unforgettable memory.

D.A farmer’s experience.