问题 问答题 简答题

简述物流基础标准主要包括哪些内容?

答案

参考答案:

基础标准是制定其他物流标准应遵循的、全国统一的标准,是制定物流标准必须遵循的技术基础与方法指南。主要包括以下内容:

(1)专业计量单位标准。物流标准是建立在一般标准化基础之上的专业标准化系统,除国家规定的统一计量标准外,物流系统还要有自身独特的专业计量标准:

(2)物流基础模数尺寸标准。基础模数尺寸是指标准化的共同单位尺寸,或系统各标准尺寸的最小公约尺寸。在制定各个具体的尺寸标准时,要以基础模数尺寸为依据,选取其整数倍为规定的尺寸标准,这样,可以大大减少尺寸的复杂性,使物流系统各个环节协调配合,并成为系列化的基础。基础模数尺寸一旦确定,设备的制造、设施的建设、物流系统中各环节的配合协调、物流系统与其他系统的配合就以其为依据。目前,国际标准化组织(ISO)认定的物流基础模数尺寸是:600mm×400mm。

(3)集装基础模数尺寸。集装基础模数尺寸是最小的集装尺寸,它是在物流基础模数尺寸基础上,按倍数推导出来的各种集装设备的基础尺寸。在物流系统中,由于集装尺寸必须与各环节的物流设施、设备相配合,在对整个物流系统设计时,通常以集装尺寸为核心进行设计。集装模数尺寸是物流系统各个环节标准化的核心,它决定和影响着其他物流环节的标准化。

(4)物流建筑基础模数尺寸。主要是指物流系统中各种建筑物所使用的基础模数,在设计建筑物的长、宽、高尺寸、门窗尺寸以及跨度、深度等尺寸时,要以此为依据。

(5)物流专业术语标准。包括物流专业名词的统一化、专业名词的统一编码以及术语的统一解释等。物流专业术语标准化可以避免由于人们对物流词汇的不同理解而造成物流工作的混乱。

(6)物流核算、统计的标准化。物流核算、统计的规范化是建立系统情报网、对系统进行统一管理的重要前提条件,也是对系统进行宏观控制与微观监测的必备前提。这一标准化的内容包括:①确定共同的、能反映系统及各环节状况的最少核算项目;②确定能用以对系统进行分析并可为情报系统收集储存的最少的统计项目;③制定核算、统计的具体方法,确定共同的核算统计计量单位;④确定核算、统计的管理、发布及储存规范等。

(7)标志、图示和识别标准。物流中的物品、工具、机具都是在不断运动中,因此,识别和区分便十分重要,对于物流中的物流对象,需要既有易于识别又易于区分的标识,有时需要自动识别,这就可以用复杂的条形码来代替用肉眼识别的标识。标识、条形码的标准化便成为物流系统中重要的标准化内容。

判断题
单项选择题

Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amount of advanced technical equipment, and (5) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if they (7) things badly.

But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly.

But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U. S. Budget—large number of Americans are left (13) . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.

The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15) the health system. There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is (17) up. Two thirds of the population (18) covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the insurance company will pay the bill.

The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country’s health bill climbed 15.9 percent--about twice as fast as prices (20) general.

4()

A.countless

B.titanic

C.broad

D.vast