问题 选择题

在由国家有关部门举办的一次大型科普展览中,有一个别具匠心的设计:三扇门上各有一个问题:“污染环境的是谁?”“饱受环境恶化之苦的是谁?”“保护环境的是谁?”拉开门,里面各是一面镜子,照出的是参观者自己。

(1)恩格斯说:“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都可能会对我们进行报复。”运用“规律”的观点谈谈你对这句话的理解。(5分)

(2)有人认为:在巨大的自然灾害面前,人类是无能为力的。运用“规律”的观点谈谈你对这句话的看法。(5分)

答案

(1)规律具有客观性和普遍性。规律的客观性和普遍性要求我们,必须尊重规律,按客观规律办事,而不能违背规律。一旦违背客观规律,必然受到规律的惩罚。自然界及其运动变化的规律是客观的,它的存在和发生作用不以人的意志为转移,我们必须全面理解人类与自然界的关系,遵循自然规律去改造自然,合理利用自然资源去达到自己的目的,不能不顾自然规律,为所欲为。否则,人类会遭到自然界的报复。(5分)

(2)题中说法错误。虽然规律是客观的,是不以人的意志为转移的,但在规律面前,人并不是无能为力的。人可以在认识和把握规律的基础上,根据规律发生作用的条件和形式利用规律,改造客观世界,造福人类。人们可以主动认识和把握自然灾害发生的规律,逐步做到科学地预测预报预警,并提早有效防范灾害的发生或减轻其破坏力,从而保护人类自身免受或减轻受到的损害,取得与自然灾害作斗争的胜利。同时,人类尊重规律,主动规范和调整自己对自然的活动,维护生态环境与自然和谐相处,可以不同程度地避免因人类的不恰当活动引发自然灾害。 (5分)

题目分析:(1)本题知识指向明确,要求用规律的相关知识回答。旨在考查学生的调动和运用知识的能力。人可以发挥主观能动性,去改造自然和利用自然,但是自然界的发展是有规律的,要求我们尊重规律的客观性,自觉按规律办事。所以回答本题,考生可以从规律的客观性和普遍性的角度回答。本题难度不大。(2)本题为辨析题。回答此类型的主观试题,首先要分析该观点是否正确,然后加以分析为什么正确,为什么错误。做到三点,分析正确点,改正错误点,补充不全点。该观点是错误观点,否认了人的主观能动性。所以考生可以从规律的客观性、尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性的辩证关系方面回答。

问答题

Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (46)At present it is generally accepted , although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on tile right way. (47)This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather Complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities.

(48) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (49)We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house.

(50)The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in tile district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

(50)The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

单项选择题