问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

一般资料:求助者,男性,28岁,某公司职员。案例介绍:求助者上大学时开始吸烟,恋爱后女友坚持只有戒烟才能结婚。求助者曾使用多种方法戒烟,但效果不佳。为改掉吸烟的毛病主动前来寻求帮助。下面是心理咨询师与求助者的一段咨询谈话。求助者:我和女朋友快结婚了,但她坚持让我戒烟后才可以结,我也认为吸烟确实不是一个好习惯,以前曾经试过很多方法,但都没有成功,所以我想请您帮助我改掉这个毛病。心理咨询师:您既然试过很多方法都没有成功,我看还是别戒了,烟生产出来就是让人吸的。求助者:不戒烟我女朋友不和我结婚啊,我都28岁了,我妈也总催我,我还是戒掉吧。心理咨询师:好吧,我可以帮助您,我可以采用厌恶疗法帮助您戒烟。求助者:厌恶疗法是怎么回事啊?具体怎么做呀?心理咨询师:行为主义认为,人的行为都是被行为结果强化的,厌恶疗法就是我把您的吸烟行为和厌恶刺激结合,使您产生条件反射,当您以后再看到烟时,就会产生恐惧,出现生理、心理上不愉快的感觉,您就不敢吸烟了,烟就戒掉了。具体的步骤是:第一步,明确靶行为,就是吸烟;第二步,构建恐惧等级;第三步,明确厌恶刺激;第四步,把吸烟和厌恶刺激结合起来。求助者:我有点明白了,那您用什么厌恶刺激啊?心理咨询师:我决定给您使用电刺激,我用110伏的直流电,您吸烟,我就给您刺激。求助者:110伏?不会出事吧?我有点害怕。心理咨询师:您不用害怕,这个刺激强度还算温和的,如果您担心,实施厌恶刺激的时候您可以看看光碟,分散一下注意力。求助者:好吧,咱们大约做多少次啊?这种方法会不会没效啊?心理咨询师:看您的表现吧,您能戒掉就不做了。这种方法是否有效,等疗程结束才能评估。求助者:我知道了,万一没有效果,还有其他方法吗?您可要好好帮助我。心理咨询师:有啊,还可以使用奖励的方法,就是您不吸烟,我给您奖励。还可以使用求助者中心疗法等。求助者:奖励好啊,我还是用奖励的方法吧。心理咨询师:根据您的情况,也可以使用求助者中心疗法,这个疗法建立在人本主义的基础上,认为人是完全可以信赖的,人具有潜能解决自己的问题,在咨询师的直接干预下,人可以获得心理成长而解决自身的心理问题。求助者:我不太明白,这个方法能有效果吗?心理咨询师;肯定有效,关键在于您具有自我修复的能力。求助者:是吗?那您一定好好帮助我。

心理咨询师提出可以看光碟分散注意力,其做法()。

A.可能伤及其他行为

B.没有将行为分开

C.干扰目标行为改变

D.使厌恶刺激分散

答案

参考答案:A, C, D

阅读理解
阅读下面短文,从短文后面每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
         There would be a school party on Friday evening.The girls were talking about what they were going to
wear.
         "I'm going to wear a black dress, so everybody will notice(注意) me, " said Emily."How about you,
Linda? "
         "I'm not sure. Maybe jeans(仔裤), an old shirt, and a hat.People will notice me more than you! "Linda
said.      
          "What are we going to do about the boys? " asked Jane."Do you remember the last school party, last
year? They just stood there, and we girls had to dance by ourselves! "
          "I hear that some of the boys learned how to dance this summer. Maybe it'll be better this time, " said
Mary.
          The party was held on Friday evening.Groups of students arrived. The music began. The girls stood in
a line on one side, and the boys on another side.Mr Green, their teacher, tried to get them together, but failed.
After a while, Tim said, "I don't want to stand here the whole time.The party is only for two hours. It'll be over
soon."He started to dance. All the others watched him.Then David asked Emily if she wanted to dance. Then
Jack and Linda. Then, all began to dance. Soon there were more dancers than watchers.
1. On Friday evening there would be ______.
[ ]
A.a school party  
B.a school meeting  
C.a sports meeting 
D.a birthday party
2. The girls were talking about ______ .
[ ]
A.what the boys were going to wear at the party  
B.what they were going to wear at the party  
C.how to teach the boys to dance  
D.how to dance
3. What happened when the music began?
[ ]
A.David asked Emily to dance.  
B.Groups of students arrived.  
C.The boys and girls began to dance.  
D.The girls stood on one side, and the boys on another side.
4. Who was the first one to dance?
[ ]
A.David.  
B.Jack.  
C.Tim.  
D.Jane.
计算题