问题 问答题

案例:1986年举行第13届世界杯足球赛时,联邦德国队在小组赛中有意输给丹麦队,以便在1/8决赛中避开强劲的西班牙队,而去碰较弱的摩洛哥队。德国队根据比赛的最终目标而制定的这一战略计划果然取得了成功,使本队顺利地进入了1/4复赛。 问题:请说明联邦德国队是如何制定战略计划的,并说明建立目标在比赛训练中的作用。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)案例中联邦德国队的最终目标是夺取世界杯决赛的胜利。目标的建立为比赛战略计划的制定提供了依据,并且该队的每次比赛、比赛中的每一个环节都围绕这一终极目标全面展开和实施。 (2)训练活动的终极目标是实现预定的目标,因此每一次训练和比赛都要有目的地进行,并且经常把训练效果与训练目标及目标的阶段性要求相比较,从而使整个训练过程得到有效控制,向有利的方向发展。 (3)建立目标在训练中的作用为: ①有效激发运动训练活动主体的责任感和进取精神; ②是制定运动训练计划的重要依据。

阅读理解

Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a largePrivate library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.

When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobodypaid any attention to the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.

Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.

People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.  

Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad.

He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. "If you give people good working conditions," he thought, "they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people."

64. For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was _____________.

A. improving worker's houses                      B. helping people to save money

C. preventing men from getting drunk             D. providing the children with a good education

65. From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ___________.

A. into a rich family                      B. into a noble family

C. into a poor family                    D. into a middle class family

66. Owen's experiment in the United States failed because _______.

A. he lost all his money      

B. he did not buy enough land

C. people who visited it were not impressed

D. it was too far away for him to organize it properly

67. We may infer form the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ____.

A. 1771         B. 1816          C. 1825            D. 1860

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