问题 问答题 案例分析题

背景资料

某安装工程公司承接某地一处大型吊装运输总承包项目,有80~200t大型设备26合。工程内容包括大型设备卸船后的陆路运输及现场的吊装作业。施工作业地点在南方沿海地区,工程施工特点为:工程量大、工期紧、高空作业多、运输和吊装吨位重。安装工程公司将大型工艺设备的卸船后的陆路及厂内运输的运输任务分包给大件运输公司。项目部按照合同要求,根据工程的施工特点,分析了该工程项目受外部环境因素的影响,项目部成立了事故应急领导小组进行应急管理,根据施工现场可能发生的施工生产突发事件,编制了专项应急预案,并对应急预案进行了培训。针对80~200t大型设备吊装,项目部研究、确定所有设备的吊装采用履带起重机吊装,为此决定租赁一台750t履带起重机和一台200t履带起重机。项目部组织专业技术人员编制大型设备吊装方案,优化吊装工艺。并对影响大型吊装的质量影响因素行了预控进。在运输一台重115t、长36m的设备时,安装公司项目部的代表曾提出过要用150t拖车运输。但运输公司由于车辆调配不能满足要求,采用了一台闲置数月的停放在露天车库的100t半挂运输车进行运输,设备装上车后没有采取固定措施,运输前和运输中没有安全员或其他管理人员检查、监督。运至厂区一个弯道时,半挂车拐弯过急,设备摔下损坏,除了保险公司赔偿外,业主还直接损失15万元。经查,运输公司没有制订设备运输方案,也没有安全技术交底记录。

写出应急反应的实施原则。

答案

参考答案:

应急反应的实施原则是:避免死亡;保护人员不受伤害;避免或降低环境污染;保护装置、设备、设施及其他财产避免损失。

问答题
单项选择题

Cultural Shock


"Culture shock" might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.
Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props has been knocked out from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.
Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them.
  • (A) [■] Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries.
  • (B) [■] During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new.
  • (C) [■] They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.
  • (D) [■] This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be brought to visit the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.
    But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and needs to seriously cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they don’t understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, "I just don’t like them." You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal.
    You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar grasping American" and the "indolent Latin American" are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock is, in a sense, a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.
    If visitors succeed in acquiring some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a "this is my problem and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery.

According to the passage, people in the host country are thought to be largely indifferent to visitors’ troubles, because ______.

A.they are insensitive and unsympathetic

B.they are not fond of visitors

C.they do not mind others’ business

D.they consider the troubles not serious