问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文段,完成下面的题。

谢  天

陈之藩

  在小时,每当冬夜,我们一家人围着大圆桌吃饭。我经常坐在祖母身旁,祖母总是摸着我的头说:“感谢老天爷赏我们家吃饭。记住!饭碗里一粒米都不许剩,要是糟蹋粮食,老天爷就不给咱们饭吃!”

  刚上小学的我,正念一些打倒偶像、破除迷信的课文。我的学校就是从前的关帝庙,我的书桌就是供桌。我曾给周仓戴上眼镜,给关平画上胡子。祖母的话,老天爷什么的,我觉得既多余,又落伍的。

  不过,我却很尊敬我的祖父母,因为这饭确实是他们挣来的,这家确实是他们建立的。我感谢面前的祖父母,不必感谢渺茫的老天爷。

  祖父常年在风雨里辛苦,祖母每天在茶饭里刻苦,他们明明知道要滴下眉毛上的汗珠,才能捡起田中的麦穗,可为什么却要感谢天呢?我,一个孩子,混吃混喝,我为什么却不感谢老天爷?——这个问题,在我心里一直是个谜。

  直到前年,我在普林斯顿浏览爱因斯坦《我所看到的世界》,才得到一种新的体会。我在读这本书时,看到了爱因斯坦对谢天的看法。比如在与原子始祖波耳的争辩中,爱因斯坦不忘赞美波耳;在数学大师劳伦兹的纪念会上,他谦卑的致辞更使人动容。我忽然发现爱因斯坦想尽量给人一个印象,即“相对论”不是甲发明的,就是乙发明的,好像与爱因斯坦不相干似的。就连在《相对论》中,爱因斯坦也会忽然天外飞来一笔:“这如不是劳伦兹,就不能出‘相对论’!”像爱氏这种不居功的态度,实在是史册中少见的。爱因斯坦感谢了这位,感谢了那位,感谢了古人,感谢了今人,就是不提他自己。

  我就想,为什么立功者不居功?像爱因斯坦之于“相对论”,像我祖母之于我家。几年来自己到处奔波,挣了几碗饭吃,做了一些研究,写了几篇学术文章,真正做了点事以后,才有了一种新的觉悟,即是无论什么事,得之于人者太多,出自于己者太少。因为需要感谢的人多,就感谢天罢。无论什么事,也需要先人的遗爱和遗产,众人的支持与合作,机会的等候与到来,这些缺一不可。越是真正做过一点事,越是感到自己贡献的渺小。

  于是,创业的人都会自然地想到上天,而败家的人却无时不想到自己。

1.“谢天”已成为中国传统思想的一部分。根据文意,概括说明它的内涵。

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2.作者对“谢天”思想的领悟经历了数次嬗变。根据文意,分四点对此概括说明。

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3.爱因斯坦是世界公认的科学家,但在作者眼中,他是一个什么样的人?根据文意,简要回答。

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4.下列对这篇散文的赏析正确的两项是(    )

A.这篇散文开篇叙述童年往事,旨在引发对祖母的深切怀念。

B.全文以“谢天”为线索,采用先分后总的结构,逐层拓展开全文的主旨。

C.第4段“在我心里一直是个谜”一句中的“谜”指辛苦勤学者谢天,混吃混喝者不谢天,令人费解。

D.“给周仓戴上眼镜,给关平画上胡子”,表现了我对偶像的嘲弄,也为下文觉得祖母的话“既多余,又落伍”作了铺垫。

E.第5、6段写作者“浏览”爱因斯坦《我所看到的世界》的感受,既解了上文之“谜”,又引发 了下文对主题的升华。

答案

1.一个人不论他做出多大成就,得之于人者太多,出自于己者太少,需要感谢的人多了,就只得感谢天。

2.(1)孩童时:不屑一顾。(2)将自己和祖父母对比后:觉得不解。(3)前年:初步领悟。(4)自己做出一些成绩后:参透真谛。

3.爱因斯坦是一位待人谦和、从不居功自傲的人。

4.CE

完形填空

I didn’t cry when I learned I was the parent of a disabled child. I just sat still and didn’t say anything.

When Jenny was old enough, I sent her to a kindergarten. On the first morning, Jenny spent hours playing by herself. It seemed that she felt very ______.

However, to my joy, Jenny’s classmates always ______ her, “You got all your spelling words right today!” In fact, her spelling list was the easiest. Later, she faced a very painful ______—— at the end of the term, there was a game which had something to do with physical education. But Jenny was behind in it.

My husband and I were anxious about the day. I wanted to let my child stay home! But my heart wouldn’t let me off that easily. So I ______a pale, unwilling Jenny onto the school bus.

At the kindergarten, I was quite worried because of her slow action, Jenny would probably ______up her team. The game went well until it was time for the sack(麻袋)race. Surely Jenny would find it ______ . Now each child had to climb into a sack, jump to the finishing line, return and climb out of the sack. I noticed Jenny standing near the end of her line of players.

But as it was her turn to join, a change took place in her ______. The tallest boy behind Jenny placed his hands on her waist(腰). Two other boys ______in front of her. The moment the player before Jenny stepped out from the sack, the two boys _____the sack suddenly and kept it open while the tall boy ______ Jenny and put her into it. A girl nearby took her hand and supported her ______ Jenny got her balance(平衡). Then she jumped forward, smiling and proud. In the cheers of the teachers, schoolmates and parents, I silently thanked the warm, understanding people in life who made it ______ for my disabled daughter to be like her fellow human beings. Then I finally cried.

小题1:

A.excited

B.lonely

C.happy

D.weak小题2:

A.greeted

B.respected

C.encouraged

D.appreciated小题3:

A.problem

B.choice

C.result

D.exam小题4:

A.threw

B.pushed

C.knocked

D.fixed小题5:

A.hold

B.build

C.keep

D.take小题6:

A.stupid

B.simple

C.relaxing

D.difficult小题7:

A.school

B.family

C.team

D.heart小题8:

A.ran

B.lay

C.walked

D.stood小题9:

A.picked up

B.gave up

C.looked up

D.made up小题10:

A.shook

B.hid

C.lifted

D.helped小题11:

A.when

B.until

C.after

D.unless小题12:

A.popular

B.special

C.necessary

D.possible

多项选择题