问题 问答题 简答题

简述包装合理化的内容。

答案

参考答案:

包装是一个重要产业,随着经济的发展和销售竞争的激烈化,包装所消耗的材料资金越来越多,包装合理化越来越成为企业重视的问题。包装合理化的内容包括:

(1)包装的轻薄化。包装只是起保护作用,没有增加产品使用价值的作用,在强度、寿命、成本相同的条件下,更轻、薄、短、小的包装,可以节约材料、提高装卸搬运和运输的效率。

(2)包装的单纯化。为了提高包装作业的效率,包装材料及规格应力求单纯化,包装形状和种类也应单纯化。包装材料品种少易于管理和减少浪费;包装形状和规格单一有利于提高作业效率,实现机械化。

(3)符合集装单元化和标准化的要求。包装单元化和标准化是现代化物流的重要标志,也是单元化物流的基础。只有包装规格尺寸一致,才能实行模块化包装;包装实现了单元化和标准化,才能批量化作业;有了批量化装卸搬运、保管和运输,才能提高效率,节约费用,物流才能实现机械化和自动化。

(4)包装的机械化与自动化。为了提高作业效率和包装现代化水平,各种包装机械的开发和应用是很重要的。由于被包装物品种极其繁多,包装材料和包装方法又各不相同,因而出现了各式各样的包装机械。其中有高度自动化的,也有半自动化和手动的。一个相当庞大的包装机械产业为各种产品提供着包装技术装备。

(5)注意与其他环节的配合。包装是物流系统组成的一部分,需要和装卸搬运、运输和仓储等环节一起综合考虑、全面协调。是否需要采用包装以及包装的形式、规格等应该结合商品的运输、保管、装卸搬运以及销售等相关因素综合考虑,只有多种相关因素的协调一致,才能发挥整体物流效果。在包装便利化要求方面要考虑便于商品流通和消费;在包装配套化要求方面要考虑包装与运输、保管、装卸搬运相配套,提高装卸搬运效率,减少货物破损。

(6)有利于环保。包装是产生大量废弃物的环节,处理不好可能造成环境污染。包装材料最好可反复多次使用并能回收再生利用;在包装材料的选择上,还要考虑不对人体健康产生影响,对环境不造成污染,即"绿色包装"。在保管、运输、装卸搬运等环节中实行集装化作业,也可以减少包装材料的使用。

单项选择题

In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were (1) from World Wide Websites that seemed to (2) almost daily a few years earlier, some people had predicted that consuners accustomed to shopping in stores would be (3) to buy things that they could not see or touch (4) . For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient (5) to driving to the store.

A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers could purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, (6) the rise of online auctions and Websites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best (7) .

For all the consumer interest, (8) in eyberspaee was still a largely (9) business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. eom, which began selling books in 1995 and later (10) into recorded music and videos, posted (11) of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $ 37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, (12) , the company’ s loss widened to $ 45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit (13) 2001. (14) the great loss, Amazon. tom had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors’ (15) about the future of the industry.

Internet retailing appealed (16) investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating (17) stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however, (18) so many companies competing tor consumers’ attention, price competition was (19) and profit (20) thin or nonexistent.

1()

A.assessable

B.available

C.acceptable

D.abundant

判断题