问题 问答题 简答题

简述商品交换的三个发展阶段。

答案

参考答案:

从历史发展来看,商品交换经历了三个发展阶段,即物物交换、以货币为媒介的商品交换和以商业为媒介的商品交换。

①商品—商品(W—W):物物交换具有很大的局限性。首先,商品的价值无法得到充分、准确的表现,从而很难保证等价交换的进行;其次,交换双方必须彼此都需要对方的产品,否则交换就无法进行。这些局限性给交换带来了极大的不便,限制了商品交换的发展。

②商品—货币—商品(W—G—W),也就是以货币为媒介的商品交换:以货币为媒介的商品交换形式的出现,是商品交换过程的革命,它解决了物物交换的困难,突破了交换的时空限制,商品交换的双方可以在不同时间、地点进行交换活动;它促进了横向经济联系,使商品交换的时空范围扩大了,为进一步发展商品生产和商品交换创造了条件。但是,以货币为媒介的商品交换也孕育着经济危机的可能性。

③G—W—G,即以商人为媒介的商品交换:商人的出现,使原有的交换关系发生了新的变化,进一步扩大了商品交换的规模和空间范围,节约了生产者用于交换的时间和费用,促进了生产力的发展。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

Dear Weiner,

      I think the government should pass a 1aw to stop people from letting their cats run free. There are three

important reasons why you should do it:

     When cats run free, they hide themselves under bird feeders (喂食器) and kill defenseless (毫无防备的)

songbirds. Every time I put up a bird feeder, I find at least one dead bird in my yard. I'm sure all those birds

were killed by cats. And cats don't even eat the birds they kill. Songbirds belong in our parks and gardens, but

cats don't. Dogs never kill poor little birds. I don't know why people don't want a dog in the first place.

     Cats are always using my garden as a litter-box. This is very dirty and makes me feel sick. Children can't

play in the garden when cats have been there. Dogs are usually tied to trees, so they don't cause such trouble.

Cats spread diseases when they use a garden as a litter-box, so I think this should be stopped.

      Finally, letting cats run free is not even good for the cats. Sure, most cats want to go outside. Their

owners like to give them everything they want, just like spoiled children. But cats that stay indoors live much

longer than cats that run free. Cats are always getting hit by cars when they're allowed to run free.

     I'm sure that if you think about all the things I've said, you will work to pass a law stopping cats from

running free. This will improve our environment, make our parks and gardens cleaner, and even help the cats

themselves by making them live. 

     Thank you for your attention to my suggestion.

                                                                                                                                                  Sincerely,

                                                                                                                                         Eve Harringford

1. According to the author, a law should be passed _______.

A. to make people keep their cats indoors

B. to encourage people to keep dogs

C. to prevent people from keeping cats

D. to protect defenseless songbirds

2. Of the following statements, which does NOT support the author's opinions?

A. Cats kill defenseless songbirds.

B. Cats usually hide themselves in litter-boxes.

C. Cats spoil the environment.

D. Cats face more dangers when they run free.

3. From the passage, we can learn that _______.

A. cats should never be allowed to run outside

B. it is against the law to let cats run free

C. the author has a good opinion of dogs

D. Weiner is all for stopping cats running free

4. The author's purpose in writing this letter is to _______.

A. give advice

B. offer information

C. entertain readers

D. tell a story