问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

病人,24岁,女,新婚,身体健康,月经周期规律,经量正常。现咨询避孕方式。

如果出现闭经,下列处理措施错误的是()。

A.立即停药

B.仍按周期继续服药

C.闭经3个周期排除妊娠则停止服药

D.闭经3个周期停药后等待月经来潮期间仍需避孕

E.月经来潮后再按第一周期开始服药

答案

参考答案:A

单项选择题

炼字与造意

缀字而成句,积句而成章,连章而为篇,似乎一篇作品的基础可在“字”的说法是无可非议的了;然则文艺修养的第一步是否即从“炼字”开始呢

这个说法有一部分真理。从事写作的首要条件当然是善于用字。思想、情绪、形象都要靠确当的字来表达和描写,用错了字,便会“词不达意”,乃至与本意相反。初学者往往心里有了东西写不出来,闭目一想觉得头头是道,拿起笔来,却便枯涩阻滞,这也是大半由于“字汇”不够。不但初学,即使是富有经验的作者也常常有碰到一字的难题,反复推敲,总觉不惬意,乃至忽然得之,原来也甚平易,此时的愉快,与数学家骤解一难题仿佛相似。这样看来,所谓“炼字”这一层功夫实在永无止境,而与一个作家的写作活动相始终的。

然而正因为是终身的永无止境的工作,所以初学者虽不得不把当做基础的工作,可也未便把它在文学修养诸条件中的比重,看得太高。讲究如何用字,使每字皆能妥帖,这是写作的必要条件。( )仅仅具有这个条件,只使你“能”写而已,而未必能使你写得是!或换言之,只使你文字通顺而已,未必能使你的文章有惊人的光芒。如何方能有惊人的光芒呢这不是一个用字的问题。“语不惊人死不休”,这句话,往往被解释为“炼字”的功夫,其实是造意构思这一方面的功夫。( )认为是“炼字”的功夫,那就是思想的问题了,深浅不可以道理计。( )向来学杜者大都认此为“炼字”问题,于是务求“惊人”,以能用冷字僻字,能用险韵为贵;结果,走到了牛角尖,生硬晦涩,连“达意”的条件都不具备了。这样看来,单讲究用字是有流弊的;炼字的目的,本为使文字明快流利,( )真弊极端则所得效果适相反。初学者坠入此魔道,便很难自拔。

常见有些作者,刻意追求文字之美丽,专在字面上用功夫。美丽的形象,应有适当的字汇来构成,这原是不错的,但二者实应同时产生,浑然自成。如果说形象已有了,而尚得搜寻字汇以具现之,这便是不可思议的事。倘若真有这样的情形,那大概还是因为他胸中本来有物,故得搜寻字句以构成,这样催生出来的东西,往往徒具形骸而无精神。虽然罗列了美丽的字汇,未必能给读者以美感,甚或相反,叫人觉得恶俗。

先求造意构思的警辟,观察能敏锐深入,感觉自然新颖俊逸。脱离了现实的空想、幻想、玄想,都等于术人炫奇,不足为训。一般人以为现实所有无不平凡,这见解是错误的。在现实主义的艺术家的眼光中,现实的一切,充满了不平凡,因为现实的一切充满了矛盾而且时时刻刻在转变,我们要在造意构思方面做到“语不惊人死不休”,先须养成发现矛盾,洞明变化的观察力。在活的现实中,就有新鲜泼辣的字汇,就有变化不居的技巧。前人在技巧上的成就,我们不应该轻视,但是也不该受其笼罩,不能自脱。我们要能钻进去,但尤贵能突围而出。

故为初学者设想,凡技巧上诸问题(包括所谓“炼字”在内),固然不可不下一番苦功夫。但尤其不能不下苦功夫的,是在观察力的养成;技巧的获得固可借助于前人的作品,然而倘以乞灵故纸为已是,而不求诸活生生的现.实,势必成为井底之蛙了。故曰:文艺修养之基础功夫,应从广处下手,如果抱往了“文艺”二字死做,结果当然也可成为文艺作家,但正恐难逃于雕虫小技之讥。

(茅盾)

据三、四自然段的内容,下列判断全对的一组是()。

①既讲究“炼字”,又讲究“造意”,才能使文章有“惊人的光芒”。

②“语不惊人死不休”不是“炼字”的功夫,而是造意构思的功夫。

③初学者若单讲究“炼字”,所得效果适相反。

④美丽的形象与适当的字汇只有同时产生,才能浑然自成。

⑤在写作过程中,先有形象,再搜寻字汇是不可能的事。

⑥一味罗列美丽的字汇,专在字面上用功夫,未必能给读者以美感。

A.①③⑥

B.②⑤⑥

C.③④⑤

D.②③⑤

阅读理解

B

In today's fast paced, high stress world people are working longer hours than ever, and often exhaust themselves at.day's end in front, of the television to relax enough to begin again in the morning.However, television watching, for most people, does not really lower stress.Studies show that TV viewing more than an hour or so actually creates stress and, especially in women, may lead to the blues.Most individuals are unaware that doing some exercise after work makes them more energetic since it increases energy levels.

Wise use of free time does not mean getting an advanced degree, although the mental encouragement gained through education is unbeatable in keeping your mind active.Learning new things nearly always adds a spark to your daily life, especially if it is a favorite topic, such as sport, fashion, or art.Also, look through your bookstore or library to find books on your interests.Try to replace a half hour TV watching with reading.

Itis reported that in the United States recently, many individuals have as few as two good friends.Long work hours and car commute act to separate people from each other.This separation is deadly.Find ways to meet people at the end of the day and on weekends.Often this can be best done by combining activities, such as by joining a walking group to get both exercise and companionship.Taking a class will lift your spirits and allow you to meet others with similar interests.Hobbies are great for reducing stress and provide another opportunity for social interaction.

Using your free time to aid your health may include these elements and many more, such as going to concerts and spending time with family.Overall, the key is to spend less free time being passive.The best ways to use free time are to be mentally and physically active, spend some time outdoors, and interact with other people on a regular basis.

60.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Watching television may cause women to feel depressed.

B.Finding interests and hobbies in common means taking a class.

C.Going to concerts is the best way to make you mentally active.

D.Getting an advanced degree in education always lights up your life.

61.What does the underlined word "commute" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.The arrangement to work every day.   B.The journey to work every day

C.The communication between people.   D.The separation between people

62.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.Live a Happy and Healthy Life    B.Relax Yourself in Various Ways

C.Spend Your Free Time Wisely       D.Interact With Others Outdoors