3岁病儿，体重13kg。因急性肠梗阻在全麻下行肠切除、肠吻合术，术前Hb为120g/L，Hct为37%。病房补液约200ml/8小时，术前禁食禁饮时间8小时，持续胃肠减压经胃管内引流出60ml胃液/8小时。手术历时3小时，出血70ml，补液总量300ml/3h。
问：
（1）术前应注意该患儿存在的液体丢失量包括哪几方面？
（2）10kg小儿24小时内每小时生理输液量是多少？
（3）该患儿总有效循环血容量约有多少ml？
（4）计算该小儿最大允许出血量的正确公式是什么？
（5）患儿术中失血70ml用平衡液补充，应输入多少？
参考答案：
①生理欠液量+胃肠减压+术中失血+第三间隙失水量；②40ml；③975ml；④〔（EBV）×（病儿Hct-30）〕÷病儿Hct；⑤210ml。
| 阅读下面短文，然后从其后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。 |
| According to Gerry Smith and Shaun Belding, writers of three books on dealing with people who make troubles at the office, how you get on with the people described below can improve the working environment for everyone. （1）People who blame (指责) others including (包括) you Call them on it by saying, "Why is it always someone else's fault (错误)?" They may laugh over what you said or become sorry. Both of them mean your point has been taken. （2）People who take your ideas as their own Put your names on anything you write or make. If someone does it at a meeting, point it out at once- using humour（幽默）if possible. Later follow the person and tell him or her, "Don't do that again." （3）People who often break in Don't put up with it. Say coolly but firmly (坚定地), "Please wait while I finish talking." （4）People who embarrass (使人窘迫) you in public Put them on the hot seat by saying later, "I'm sure you didn't want to embarrass me, but you did." （5）People who don't follow through Of course you cannot order another worker, but you can try telling them they are not helpful and that you'll report it to the boss (老板) if they go on. Then do it. （6）People who tell lies Talk straight to him or her when it's about you. Or ask the boss for help, who can tell him or her, "There are lies going around. Can I get you to straighten them out for me?" |
| 1. What kind of people does the passage talk about? |
[ ] |
| A. Those who have difficulty at work. B. Those who are making troubles. C. Those who don't like working hard. D. Those who aren't ready to help. |
| 2. If someone takes your invention as his own, what will you do? |
[ ] |
| A. Point it out at once. B. Talk to him coolly and firmly. C. Put him on the hot seat. D. Report the matter to your boss. |
| 3. The words break in in the passage mean _________. |
[ ] |
| A. get into a room without knocking on the door B. shout loudly while others are having a meeting C. try to take a place which somebody else is working in D. start to talk while somebody else hasn't finish talking |
| 4. The writer's main purpose (目的) is _________. |
[ ] |
| A. to teach those who aren't doing well in their work B. to let people know how to make friends with others C. to make to working environment better for all people D. to help bosses find a better way to work out problems |