问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文字,完成1~3题。

冷眼看“热词”

  “热词”是指来源于突发事件或社会现象,经过形象、鲜明和恰当的隐喻性总结,让人们更深刻地记住关键信息的公共焦点词语。

  近年来,中国互联网上流行的“热词”已不仅仅是一般意义上的新潮网络语言。“打酱油”、“俯卧撑”乃至“被××”之类的热词从词语本身找不到任何流行的理由,而且这些词语往往不是逐渐扩散,而是瞬间的爆发。显然这类热词不是像以往的许多网络语言那样因词语本身的娱乐性导致了流行,大多是因突发的社会事件传播得以派生,而且这类热词几乎无一例外具有较多的政治讽刺意味,反映的是社会“杯具”何其多,人们认为这是中国政治走向民主的一种方式,是中国网络政治化的一种体现。

  中国的改革开放自90年代末以来进入了深水区,政治改革尤其步履维艰。在这种现实状态下,网络的政治化可以说是公众表达的常规通道堰塞而造成的政治话语溢出现象。而网络的确为当代中国民众提供了一种新的政治表达可能,有人因此而乐观地预言网络将成为推动中国政治民主建设进程的重要力量。可实际上,人们上网发表意见可能是自由的,但信息如何传播却完全由不得自己,各类网络运营者操控着网络信息的传播。

  热词的出现使网络传播形势有了一些改观。一个本来难以扩大影响的社会信息,由于被人从中提炼出具有讽刺性乃至黑色幽默意味的隐喻词语而产生了“陌生化”的情景效果,随即因为网上读者的关注和分享而成为口头禅并被强力传播,进而迅速走红成为热词。显然,热词热起来的社会学原因在于网民自发形成的积极介入态度。在网络日益被运营者操控的形势下,这种对传播的主动介入可以说是普遍网民对“被传播”现实的一种反抗。

  热词之所以会“热”,也和它的接受环境分不开。在媒体自身权威性不够却又面对公众质疑时,许多“专家”和“权威机构”常常会冒出来强化信息的权威性。弱热的普通民众当然无法与“专家”、“权威机构”对抗,但一些陌生词语“被××”——“被就业”、“被代表”、“被平均”等等,却凭着机智的反调破了媒体操控者的意图。

  普通民众对媒体操控者和所谓“权威”的不信任是热词走红的社会环境,但热词并非只是消极的拒绝。许多因热词而“热”并最终引起社会重视的案例显示,网民传播热词的热情让人感受到的是一种社会关怀的激情。这种激情来自每个网民个人的直觉和判断,来自一个人内在的同情心和正义感。当然,信息的不对称使网民个人的判断无法完全避免错误和偏见,但这并不影响这种社会关怀的舆论价值。这种激情的存在证明,社会上尽管充斥着欲望和不公正,但人们的心灵深处仍然有良知。

  无论如何,热词的大量出现已成为中国式网络的特色景观,热词将作为有影响力的社会表情符号构成我们这个时代的记忆。

1.下列关于“热词”的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是 (    )

A.“热词”是一种新潮网络语言,它的出现被认为与中国政治走向民主有关。

B.“热词”往往不是逐渐扩散,而是从本身找不到任何理由就瞬间爆发。

C.“打酱油”、“被××”之类“热词”的流行,与词语本身是否有娱乐性无关。

D.一个社会信息被人有意加工而产生“陌生化”的情景效果后,才会成为“热词”。

2.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是 (    )

A.人们能在网上自由地发表意见,但由于网络信息的传播受各类网络运营者的操控,这些意见的传播是不自由的。

B.具有讽刺意味的“被传播”,表现出了主动介入传播的普通网民对网络运营者操控网络信息传播的一种反抗。

C.网民传播热词的热情,能使某些案例因热词而“热”并最终引起社会的重视,并使人感受到网民社会关怀的激情。

D.传播热词的网民所展现了的社会关怀的舆论价值,不会由于其个人判断出现错误和偏见而受到影响。

3.下列理解和分析,不符合原文内容的一项是 (    )

A.热词的出现和流行表明,政治改革进入深水区和网络为中国民众提供一种政治表达可能之间存在着联系。

B.从热词的接受环境看,某些媒体操纵者强化信息权威性的意图,常常会被随后出现的热词凭着机智的反讽破坏。

C.当媒体操控者和所谓“权威”得到普通民众的信任后,热词就会逐渐变“凉”并最终淡出人们的视野。

D.热词的中国互联网上流行的现象有着中国特色,热词本身所体现的时代特点也会留在人们的记忆。

答案

1.B

2.A

3.C

阅读理解

An epidemic (流行病) of the use of street-culture language broke out in some English exams, according to examiners.

A report said there were “a surprising number of small mistakes” in standard (标准) English. It asked teachers that they should prevent pupils from using "street language and text style", adding, “Most answers require formal expression of language.”

“Many concerns were expressed by examiners about basic errors, often appearing in the work of clearly able students,” the report continued.

It added that the use of street and text language “appeared with surprisingly regularity in the work of students who clearly desired a higher grade”.

“Most answers require formal expression but even when an informal style is appropriate--students should know the examination context and, in particular, should not use street language and text style.” it said.

There is rising concern about pupils’ writing skills, especially among boys. National test results for 11-year-old boys’ writing standards had fallen this year. Only 55 percent reached the level expected of an 1l-year-old by the time they left primary school, the results showed.

Many educationalists are now arguing that teachers should also think of ways of improving writing standards.

The report said spelling was “in general inconsistent(不一致)” and “variety of vocabulary and of sentence structure is often limited”. It went on, “Punctuation (标点符号) errors continue to be widespread.”

However, it added, “Some examiners felt that this year they had met an improvement in the whole structure of students' writing.”

64. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Street language is appearing in the standard English exams.

B. What the street-culture language is in England.

C. The English say no to the street-culture language in daily life.

D. The street-culture language is being examined in English exams.

65. The underlined word “appropriate” (in Paragraph 5) means “ _______”                                                            

A. available             B. possible             C. valuable                   D. acceptable               

66. What problems concerned examiners ?                   

A. Small mistakes in spelling and punctuation,         

B. Poor sentence structure, and errors in spelling and standard English.                               

C. Teachers teaching writing skills.

D. Limited vocabulary of boy pupils.

67. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. In English exams, most answers require informal expression of language.                      

B. When an informal style is correct, the students are allowed to use it.                            

C. Boys' writing skills are worse than those of girls in England.

D. There is no improvement in the whole structure of students' writing.

单项选择题