问题 综合题

阅读下列材料

材料一:1902年英国外交大臣兰斯多思说:“英日同盟虽然并不想策动日本政府走向极端,但必然引起的后果是使日本感到可以与远东的大敌一决雌雄。”              

---- 摘自《兰斯多思传》

材料二: 英法和解后,德国更感到英俄对抗的特殊价值。德国首相皮洛说,所有希望都系于他们所相信的英俄正在接近冲突。                                           

----摘自《世界近代史》

材料三: 1904半,法国驻英大使认为,英俄发生冲突,是一场大灾难,唯一得利的是德国。                                     

---摘自《世界近代史》

材料四 :1906年俄国外交大臣伊兹伏尔斯基说,巩固和英国的关系对俄国有特别重要的意义,这个大国利益与我们在欧亚太陆的关系是紧密相连的。                

---摘自《全球通史》

请回答:

(1)从材料一看,英国与日本结盟的目的是什么?结果怎样?(4分)

(2)材料二中德国为什么希望英俄发生冲突?

材料三中法国人为什么又认为英俄冲突是一场灾难?

(3)从材料一到材料四,英俄关系发生了怎样的变化?

(4)上述矛盾发展的趋势和结果如何?试根据材料和所学过的知识分析。

答案

(1)目的:让日本在远东牵制、打击俄国的势力。结果:日本发动了日俄战争。给俄国在远东的势力以沉重打击。

(2)因为英俄冲突有利于德国势力的发展,便利了德国在世界范围内与英国争夺世界霸权和殖民地;另一方面,由于此时英法已经和解,德国迫切希望英俄冲突,因为这样就排除了英俄结盟的可能性。

(3)因为法德矛盾十分突出,法国同俄国又是盟国,法国不愿意看到其盟国的力量抵消在同英国的冲突上而便利德国。

(4)由英日结盟对付俄国到英俄剑拔弩张,最后到倾向结盟,共同对付德国。

(5)英法俄结成三国协约,和以德国为核心的三国同盟对抗,最终发展到两大帝国主义军事侵略集团的战争,即第一次世界大战。

本题考查一战前两大军事集团的形成及其相互之间的矛盾,结合大战前欧洲列强之间三对基本矛盾来理解,注意利用国家利益决定国家对外政策和立场等观点来分析

单项选择题

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.
Edgar Snow was a reporter and a joumalist. He was a doer, a seeker of facts. His mature years were spent in communicating to people-he was an opener of minds, a bright pair of eyes on what went on about him. Fortunately, he went to many places, knew many people, saw many things; thus he communicated from depth and involvement. Suspicious of dogma, he stated in his autobiography. "What interested me was chiefly people, all kinds of people, and what they thought and said and how they lived-rather than officials, and what they said in their interviews and handouts about whatthey people’ thought and saiD." In writing about people and the event which shaped or misshaped their lives, his point of view was essentially honest and searching- founded on his own inquiry and resting on a body of truth perceived with vision and with compassion. His valued friend and editor, Mary Heathcote, stated that to Edgar Snow, "true professionalism meant telling the truth as one saw it, with as many of the reasons for its existence as one could find out and as much empathy as possible for the people experiencing it..."
That he is remembered mostly through Red Star Over China is understandable. The accounts in that book were of international importance and the experience for the author in getting those accounts was perhaps the most significant one in his life. Though it is typical of him what, after the acclaim the book received, he commented, "I simply wrote down that I was told by the extraordinary young men and women with whom it was my privilege to live at age thirty, and from whom I learned a great deal. " That "great deal" spread from the pages of Red Star to alter the thinking of countless people—including many citizens of China who were led by it to action that drastically affected their own lives and the course of their country’s future. An awesome realization of personal responsibility also came about at this point for the young journalist, one he was cognizant of the rest of his life—the discovery, as he heard of friends and students killed in a war they had been moved to join largely because of his reports, that his writing had taken on the nature of political action and that he, as a writer, had to be personally answerable for all he wrote.
There were other texts which broke through ignorance and prejudice in similar ways: Far Eastern Front, Living China, Battle for Asia, People on Our Side, Journey To the Beginning, to name some of the eleven books he produced, as well as many pages of engaged reporting—of floods and famines, of wars declared and undeclared, of human dilemmas and indignities, of unsung heroes and unheralded sacrifices-a life’s study of the impact of people and events from many lands known at first hanD.
Ed represents what is best in American joumalism—as did his compatriot Agnes Smedley and Jack Belden. They dedicated to action, to communication that would help lessen the need, help correct the injustices. A main objective of theirs, because they were there and they saw, because they were internationalists with concern for human welfare, values and dignity, was to contribute to an understanding of China and the crippling burdens she bore—in a world dominated by arrogance, greed, and ignorance.

According to the article, the life of Snow paralleled______.

A.the development of China’s revolution

B.the construction of New china

C.the course of World War Ⅱ

D.all of the above

选择题