问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一  1.凡未经议会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力。4.凡未经议会准许,借口国王特权,为国王而征收,或供国王使用而征收金钱,超出议会准许之时限或方式者,皆为非法。  ——《权利法案》

材料二 美国制宪者采纳了英国的代议制度,他们称之为“共和”。在“民主共和主义”的影响下,他们既注重权利的平等。又时刻防止专制权力的出现。前者如民众投票权方面,选民的财产资格得到放宽,小州在参议院中获得了平等的代表权。后者则主要表现在分权和制衡方面,其中最典型的就是在联邦政府内实现了三权分立。请回答:

(1)上述材料体现的是英美两国的政治制度,两国分别建立了哪种类型的资本主义政体?议会(或制宪会议)分别制定过什么重要的法律文件?(4分)

(2)英国在资本主义政体建立后,是如何进一步发展完善的?(6分)

(3)分别比较英、美两国元首和政府首脑的不同。(12分)

(4)到19世纪70年代,欧美主要资本主义国家确立了资产阶级代议制度。这一制度的确立,对资本主义国家发展有何积极意义?(4分)

答案

(1)英国:君主立宪制;美国:总统共和制;英国:《权利法案》;美国:1787年宪法;(4分)

(2)君主处于“统而不治”地位,形成了责任内阁制;在内阁制的基础上形成了两党制;通过多次议会改革完善代议制民主。(6分)

(3)国家元首不同:国王——总统;国家元首产生方式不同:世袭——选民选举;国家元首的实际权力不同:无实权——有实权;政府首脑不同:首相——总统;政府首脑的产生方式不同:议会选举中的多数党中产生——选民选举。(12分,写出其中四点即可)

(4)有利于稳定社会秩序,缓和社会矛盾,保证资本主义经济的持续发展、繁荣。(4分)

单项选择题
完形填空
完形填空
     A young student was one day taking a walk with a professor, who was commonly   __1__   the
students' friend. As they went  __2__, they saw lying in the path a pair of old __3__, which were
supposed to belong to a poor man who was working in a  __4__  close by. The student turned to the
professor, saying, "Let's play the man a   __5__: We will hide his shoes, and   __6__   ourselves behind
those bushes, and wait to see his __7__   when he cannot find them."    
     "My young friend," answered the professor, "we should never   __8__   ourselves at the   __9__   of
the poor. But you are __10__, and you may give yourself a much greater   __11__   by means of the
rich man. Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and   __12__   how the discovery
affects him."  The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes. The poor man
soon finished his work, and came __13__   the field to the path   __14__   he had left his coat and shoes.
While  __15__   his coat he slipped his foot into one of his shoes; but feeling something   __16__, he
bent down to feel __17__   it was, and found the coin. Astonishment and wonder were seen upon his
face. He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen. He now put the money into
his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe; but his __18__  was doubled on finding the other
coin. He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and said aloud a fervent (热诚的) thanksgiving, in
which he   __19__   his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. The student stood there
deeply __20__, and his eyes were filled with tears.
( )1. A. held  
( )2. A. along    
( )3. A. socks    
( )4. A. field    
( )5. A. game    
( )6. A. hide      
( )7. A. excitement  
( )8. A. make    
( )9. A. price    
( )10. A. poor    
( )11. A. pleasure  
( )12. A. notice    
( )13. A. about    
( )14. A. where    
( )15. A. wearing on
( )16. A. soft      
( )17. A. what    
( )18. A. confidence
( )19. A. mentioned
( )20. A. amazed    
B. kept        
B. on          
B. gloves      
B. factory      
B. trick        
B. have        
B. sorrow      
B. treat        
B. expense      
B. kind        
B. money        
B. watch        
B. across      
B. that        
B. dressing up  
B. terrible    
B. how          
B. embarrassment
B. remembered  
B. defeated    
C. named         
C. over          
C. shoes        
C. company       
C. joke        
C. let          
C. disappointment
C. amuse        
C. value          
C. honest      
C. thought      
C. realize        
C. into          
C. there        
C. putting on    
C. strange      
C. whether      
C. surprise      
C. recommended   
C. puzzled        
D. called    
D. back      
D. trousers  
D. shop      
D. word      
D. make      
D. anxiety    
D. laugh      
D. pay        
D. rich      
D. benefit    
D. find      
D. by        
D. which      
D. pulling in
D. hard      
D. why        
D. joy        
D. reminded  
D. affected