问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文章,回答下面的问题。

  唐代的山水诗,和以二谢为代表的南朝山水诗相比,呈现出崭新的风貌。南朝山水诗所歌咏的对象不过是半壁河山,主要在东南一隅。那时的诗人足未涉黄河,身未登岱岳,没有机会领略广袤中原的风光。他们的山水诗,胸襟、气象、境界都受到很大的局限。到了唐代,特别是盛唐时期,祖国的统一、繁荣和富强,为诗人提供了写作山水诗的最好条件。许多诗人在其创作的准备期或旺盛期都曾有过一段漫游生活,他们的足迹及于大江南北、黄河上下。被祖国多姿多彩的山水所培育起来的这一代诗人,他们写起山水诗来,论胸襟、论气象、论境界,就远非南朝人所能相比的了。南朝的山水诗因为是在希企隐逸的风气中产生的,所以诗里常常流露出一种超然世外的情趣。这种传统的隐逸思想在唐代的山水诗里虽然也有所流露,但除此之外,唐代的山水诗里更多了两种感情,这就是热爱祖国的感情和热爱生活的感情。正是这两种感情构成唐代山水诗思想内容方面的重要特点,使今天的读者讽诵之余仍然激动不已。洋溢在唐代山水诗里的那种民族自豪感和自信心,那种积极健康的生活情趣,仍然是我们的精神营养。从艺术上看,南朝山水诗对山水景物的描写追求形似,崇尚工巧,缺乏神韵。唐代山水诗脱离了对形似的追求,而致力于达到神似。它们刻画山水,不滞于山容水态,而是力求把握和表现山水的个性。自然山水成了诗人的朋友,或诗人自己的化身。“相看两不厌,只有敬亭山。”人和大自然,情和景,契合交融达到化境。中国的山水诗到了唐代,才臻于完美、纯熟。

  五代以后,山水画渐趋成熟,至宋代遂蔚为大现。荆浩、关仝、董源、李成、范宽、米芾等一大批山水画家的涌现,培养了人们探索和欣赏自然美的兴趣,也刺激了用诗歌去再现自然美的欲望。如林逋《孤山寺端上人房写望》:“阴沉画轴林间寺,零落棋枰葑上田。”秦观《泗州东城晚望》:“林梢一抹青如画,应是淮流转处山。”从中可以看出,诗人是在用画家的眼光去欣赏山水。然而宋代以后由于诗歌创作总的水平已无法和唐代相比,因而山水诗的成就也比唐代逊色。但描绘山水景物的技巧,仍然有所创新。特别是用五七言绝句的形式,集中地绘出一片风景,创造一个意境,常有近似图画的效果。(节选自袁行霈《中国山水诗的艺术脉络》)

1.下列对唐代山水诗“呈现出崭新的风貌”原因的说明,不正确的一项是(   )

A.祖国的统一、繁荣和富强从外部环境上为诗人写作山水诗提供了最好的条件。

B.许多诗人通过遍及大江南北、黄河上下的漫游,经受了多姿多彩的山水的培育。

C.唐代山水诗人屏弃了南朝山水诗中的隐逸风气,胸襟、气象、境界更加开阔。

D.唐代山水诗在思想内容上比南朝山水诗增加了热爱祖国和热爱生活的感情。

2.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(   )

A.从创作视野的角度看,南朝的山水诗人没有机会领略广袤的中原风光,所以在创作上受到很大局限。

B.从艺术表现上看,唐代山水诗对山水景物的描写不讲究外在形体上的的描绘,而是致力于达到神似。

C.从诗人情感上看,唐代山水诗人比南朝山水诗人更加丰富,尤其是多了热爱祖国和热爱生活的感情。

D.从山水诗发展上看,宋代的山水诗虽然不及唐代,但在表达技巧、创作意境上也有其独到之处。

3.下列对原文内容的概括分析,不恰当的一项是(   )

A.唐代山水诗里洋溢着的民族自豪感和自信心,与唐代的祖国统一、繁荣和富强等外部因素密切相关。

B.南朝的山水诗虽然缺乏神韵,但没有这一时期的创作实践,很难说山水诗到唐代就臻于完美、纯熟。

C.作者认为,宋代山水诗的成就从总体上看无法与唐代山水诗相比的原因,是宋代诗歌的总体创作水平不及唐代。

D.宋代山水诗描绘山水景物的技巧高于唐代山水诗,是因为宋代山水诗人是在用画家的眼光去欣赏山水。

答案

1.C

2.B

3.D

选择题
阅读理解
B
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