问题 填空题

图为通过Sniffer解码的ARP请求和应答报文的结构,请根据显示的信息回答下列问题。

(1)图的(a)、(b)中,为ARP请求报文结构的是()。

(2)ARP请求报文的主机IP地址是(),MAC地址是()。

(3)通过ARP地址解析后可知,目的主机IP地址是(),MAC地址是()。

答案

参考答案:a;10.11.107.254;00EOFC001105 10.11.104.159;0010A47BFE84

解析:

ARP分组具有如下的一些字段:

HTYPE(Hardware type)。这是一个16比特字段,用来定义运行ARP的网络的类型。每一个局域网基于其类型被指派给一个整数。例如,以太网是类型1。ARP可使用在任何网络上。

PTYPE(Protocol type)。这是一个16比特字段,用来定义协议的类型。例如,对IPv4协议,这个字段的值是0800。ARP可用于任何高层协议。

HLEN(Length ofhardware address)。这是一个8比特字段,用来定义以字节为单位的物理地址的长度。例如,对以太网这个值是6。

PLEN(Length of protocol address)。这是一个8比特字段,用来定义以字节为单位的逻辑地址的长度。例如,对IPv4协议这个值是4。

OPER(Opcode)。这是一个16比特字段,用来定义分组的类型。已定义了两种类型:ARP请求(1),ARP回答(2)。

SHA(Sender’s hardware address)。这是一个可变长度字段,用来定义发送站的物理地址的长度。例如,对以太网这个字段是6字节长。

SPA(Sender’s protocol address)。这是一个可变长度字段,用来定义发送站的逻辑(例如,IP)地址的长度。对于IP协议,这个字段是4字节长。

THA(Target hardware address)。这是一个可变长度字段,用来定义目标的物理地址的长度。例如,对以太网这个字段是6字节长。对于ARP请求报文,这个字段是全0,因为发送站不知道目标的物理地址。

TPA(Target protocol address)。这是一个可变长度字段,用来定义目标的逻辑地址(例如,IP地址)的长度。对于IPv4协议,这个字段是4字节长。

(1)图(a)中,由“ARP:Opcode 1(ARP request)”可知该报文为ARP请求。

(2)ARP协议规定,ARP请求报文的发送方在发送的帧中需要包含发送方的IP地址、物理地址和目的主机的IP地址。ARP请求报文结构中可以看出,报文的发送者(ARP请求报文的主机)的IP地址为10.11.107.254,硬件地址(即物理地址)为10.11.107.254。目的主机的IP地址为10.11.104.159。

(3)目的主机收到ARP请求报文后,填写自己的物理地址。从ARP应答报文的结构中可以看出目的主机的物理地址为0010A47BFE84。

阅读理解

What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people don’t know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.

Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.

In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers which are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade(升级).

Yet many people are throwing away good computers, while others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working on this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish into someone else’s useful things and cut down waste, too.

根据短文内容,选择正确答案。(10分)

小题1:What do many people do with old computers?

A.They sell them.  B.They send them to others.    C.They stop using them.

小题2:How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph?

A.One.             B.Two.                 C.Three.

小题3:According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must       .

A.recycle most of their products

B.collect all their used products

C.make more cheaper computers

小题4:What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?

A.Help the computer companies to collect them.

B.Repair and send them to those who need them.

C.Help people to learn to use them.

小题5:What is the main idea of this passage?

A.Repairing old computers.

B.Encouraging to make cheap computers.

C.Recycling old computers.        

单项选择题